Cladonia glauca Flörke

Sandgaffel

Red list categories: Norway: I , Sweden: + , Finland: I , EU: +

By The threatened macrolichen project, - updated 11.08.1996.
[Map] Sources for map data: All relevant herbaria and literature
Abbreviations, map symbols and standard references
Norwegian distribution: The species is known from 14 localities along the coast from Hordaland to Østfold - Counties:: Øf, VA, Ho. - Vegetation regions: Nemoral and boreonemoral. - Altitude: From about sea-level to 120 m

World distribution: The world distribution includes western Europe, eastern North America, and Asia (Purvis & James 1992a). It is widely distributed in Central Europe (Ahti 1977b), and at least in northwest Germany it is reported as one of the commonest Cladonia species (Sandstede 1931). It has a southern distribution in Scandinavia (Santesson 1993). Cladonia glauca is placed in category K in the red list of Finland (Rassi et al. 1992), but is common in Denmark (Alstrup & Søchting 1989)

Ecology: Results. The species seemed to be restricted to humus or peat of varying thickness. Most records were from sanddunes near the sea (8), but some were from bogs (3), and one from a heath. Discussion. Tønsberg & Høiland (1978) report the species from a variety of sanddune communities of southwest Norway, while in Germany it is frequently reported from bogs, heathlands and coniferous forests (Sandstede 1931). In Denmark it is common on heaths and in coniferous forests (Alstrup & Søchting 1989). In England it occurs on old, rotten tree stumps and peat in heathlands (Purvis & James 1992a). The species therefore either has a different ecological preference in Norway, or it may be overlooked on substrates other than humus-covered sand

Threats: Results. Recorded threats were overgrowth (3), pollution (1), cultivation (1) and recreation/trampling (1). Discussion. The ecology and population biology of Cladonia glauca is not well enough known to specify critical factors

Status: The species was not given priority during field work, and few localities were visited. Four old localities were visited; the species was found in 1 locality, assumed to be extinct in 1, and the status was uncertain in 2 localities. Two new localities were found. Apart from one locality, all records were made after 1975. The species may belong in category V+ because the majority of the known localities are from coastal sanddunes which are exposed to increasing threat from recreation (damage by trampling). Most sites in Lista (Vest-Agder) are within flora protection areas

Specimens in other herbaria, litterature, etc.

  • HORDALAND, KVAM, Strandebarm, Svanholm, UTM: LM 354 831, alt.:, , 1916, Lillefosse T. 261 (BG)
  • HORDALAND, LINDÅS, Mongstad, Storemyr, UTM: KN 84-85 46, alt.:, , 1977, Håland B. (BG)
  • HORDALAND, RADØY, NE of Mjøs, between farm Hovet and Åsheim, S of the road, UTM: KN 81 37-38, alt.: 20 m, On margin of peat cutting in atlantic, ombrotrophic bog., 1979, Håland B., Røsberg I. & Øvstedal D.O. (BG)
  • OPPLAND, ØYSTRE SLIDRE, , UTM: NN 04 78, alt.:, , 1972, Vevle O. (BG)
  • VEST-AGDER, FARSUND, Lista, Havik, UTM: LK 65-66 38, alt.:, , 1975, Larsen G. (BG)
  • VEST-AGDER, FARSUND, Lista, Havik, UTM: LK 65-66 38, alt.:, on sand dune, 1977, Høiland K. & Tønsberg T. 1910,1914 (BG)
  • VEST-AGDER, FARSUND, Lista, Havik, UTM: LK 65-66 38, alt.:, on sand dune, 1977, Høiland K. & Tønsberg T. 1910,1914 (TRH)
  • VEST-AGDER, FARSUND, Lista, Kådesanden, UTM: LK 61-62 39, alt.:, on sand dune, 1977, Tønsberg T. & Høiland K. 1917,1928 (BG)
  • VEST-AGDER, FARSUND, Lista, Kådesanden, UTM: LK 61-62 39, alt.:, on sand dune, 1977, Tønsberg T. & Høiland K. 1917,1928 (TRH)
  • VEST-AGDER, FARSUND, Lista, Kviljo, UTM: LK 63 38-39, alt.:, on sand dune, 1977, Tønsberg T. 1924 (TRH)
  • VEST-AGDER, FARSUND, Lista, Kviljo, UTM: LK 64 39, alt.:, on sand dune, 1978, Høiland K. & Tønsberg T. 2886 (TRH)
  • VEST-AGDER, FARSUND, Lista, Kådesanden, UTM: LK 61 39, alt.:, on sand dune, 1978, Høiland K. & Tønsberg T. 2921, 2923, 2934 (TRH)
  • VEST-AGDER, FARSUND, Lista, Austhasselstranda, UTM: LK 61 39, alt.:, on sand dune, 1978, Høiland K. & Tønsberg T. 2928, 2930 (TRH)
  • VEST-AGDER, MANDAL, Banken, UTM: MK 07 31, alt.: -5, on sandy soil with a thin layer of humus, 1978, Tønsberg T. 3142-43 (BG)
  • VEST-AGDER, MANDAL, Banken, UTM: MK 07 31, alt.: -5, on sandy soil with a thin layer of humus, 1978, Tønsberg T. 3142-43 (TRH)
  • ØSTFOLD, AREMARK, på skytebanen S for Berger, UTM: PL 52 63, alt.: 100-120 m, på tørr torv i grøftet myr, 1977, Tønsberg T. 1964 (TRH)
  • ØSTFOLD, HVALER, Kirkøy, Storesand, UTM: PL 15 44, alt.: -20, on soil rich in humus, old sand dune, 1987, Tønsberg T. 9983 (BG)
  • ØSTFOLD, HVALER, Herføl, Svanetangen, UTM: PL 17 41, alt.: -20, on the ground in maritime heath, 1990, Tønsberg T. 13218 (BG)