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Author: A h m a d j i a n

  • Ahmadjian, V 1958: Antarctic lichen algae. - Carolina Tips [Elton College, North Carolina] 21(5): 17-18. [RLL List # 27 / Rec.# 197]
    Keywords: ALGAE/ PHOTOBIONTS/ ANTARCTICA
    Abstract: Illus. [A preliminary note.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1958: The fruticose and foliose lichens of Worcester County, Massachusetts. - Rhodora 60(711): 74-86. [RLL List # 26 / Rec.# 198]
    Keywords: MASSACHUSETTS/ WORCESTER COUNTY/ USA/ MACROLICHENS/ KEYS
    Abstract: [Many species. Keys.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1959: A contribution toward lichen synthesis. - Mycologia 51(1): 56-60. [RLL List # 32 / Rec.# 199]
    Keywords: SYNTHESIS/ LECANORA DISPERSA/ CULTURE
    Abstract: 5 fig. [Studies on Lecanora dispersa (Pers.) Rohl.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1959: Experimental observations on the algal genus Trebouxia de Puymaly. - Svensk Bot. Sidskr. 53(1): 71-80. [RLL List # 31 / Rec.# 200]
    Keywords: TREBOUXIA/ PHOTOBIONTS/ GROWTH
    Abstract: 4 pl. [Study of algae isolated from lichens.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1960: A botanical adventure in Swedish Lapland. - Carolina Tips [Elton College, North Carolina] 23(3): 9-10. [RLL List # 33 / Rec.# 201]
    Keywords: POPULAR/ LAPLAND/ SCANDINAVIA
    Abstract: [Popular article with mention of lichens.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1960: Some new and interesting species of Trebouxia, a genus of lichenized algae. - Amer. Jour. Bot. 47(8): 677-683. [RLL List # 36 / Rec.# 202]
    Keywords: TREBOUXIA/ ALGAE/ PHOTOBIONTS/ CULTURE
    Abstract: 30 fig.
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1960: The lichen association. - The Bryologist 63(4): 250-254. [RLL List # 38 / Rec.# 203]
    Keywords: SYMBIOSIS/ PHOTOBIONT/ CULTURE
    Abstract: ["Thus, with regard to the phycobiont of lichens, it appears to be not a case of the lichen fungus seeking out a suitable partner, but rather it's a question of which alga can survive fungal association."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1961: Lichns--nature's pioneers. - Massachusetts Audubon 1961: 74-80. [RLL List # 43 / Rec.# 204]
    Keywords: POPULAR
    Abstract: [Popular article.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1961: Studies on lichenized fungi. - The Bryologist 64(2/3): 168-179. [RLL List # 40 / Rec.# 205]
    Keywords: CULTURES/ GROWTH/ PHYSIOLOGY
    Abstract: 3 fig. [Notes on cultures from 17 species of lichens.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Reynolds, JT 1961: Production of biologically active compounds by isolated lichenized fungi. - Science 133(3454): 700-701. [RLL List # 38 / Rec.# 193]
    Keywords: CHEMISTRY/ MYCOBIONT/ CULTURE
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1962: Investigations on lichen synthesis. - Amer. Jour. Bot. 49(3): 277-283. [RLL List # 42 / Rec.# 206]
    Keywords: SYNTHESIS/ GROWTH/ CULTURE/ ACAROSPORA FUSCATA
    Abstract: 6 fig. ["Separated fungal and algal components of the lichen, Acarospora fuscata (Nyl.) Arn., were recombined under controlled laboratory conditions to form structures comparable to those of the naturally occurring lichen thallus. The primary condition for this artificial synthesis was the absence of organic and inorganic supplements to the agar substrate... It was demonstrated that both alga and fungus derived benefit from the lichenized association."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1962: Lichens. - In: R. A. Lewin (ed.): Physiology and Biochemistry of Algae. Academic Press, New York. xxvii + 929 pp. Illus., pp. 817-822. [RLL List # 49 / Rec.# 207]
    Keywords: ALGAE/ REVIEW/ PHYSIOLOGY
    Abstract: [Review with 32 references.]
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  • Anderson, KA/ Ahmadjian, V 1962: Investigation on the development of lichen structures in laboratory controlled cultures. - Bot. Tidskr. 56(4): 501-506. [RLL List # 46 / Rec.# 599]
    Keywords: DEVELOPMENT/ MORPHOLOGY/ CULTURES/ GROWTH
    Abstract: 6 fig.
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1963: The fungi of lichens. - Sci. Amer. 208(2): 122-130, 132. [RLL List # 44 / Rec.# 208]
    Keywords: MYCOBIONTS/ CULTURE/ POPULAR
    Abstract: Illus. [Popular article.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Nilsson, S 1963: Swedish lichens. - Yearbook of the American Swedish Historical Foundation, December 1963. 9 pp. [RLL List # 49 / Rec.# 192]
    Keywords: POPULAR/ GENERAL
    Abstract: 1 color plate.
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1964: Further studies on lichenized fungi. - The Bryologist 67(1): 87-98. [RLL List # 50 / Rec.# 209]
    Keywords: CLADONIA/ CULTURE/ HAWAII/ MYCOBIONT/ NITROGEN
    Abstract: 2 fig. 3 tab. [Isolation and culture of Hawaiian lichen fungi; variability of the lichen fungus Cladonia cristatella; utilization of different nitrogen sources.]
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  • Diner, B/ Ahmadjian, V/ Rosenkrantz, H 1964: Preliminary fractionation of pigments from the lichen fungus Acarospora fuscata. - The Bryologist 67(3): 363-368. [RLL List # 52 / Rec.# 4381]
    Keywords: PIGMENTS/ ACAROSPORA/ TECHNIQUES/ MYCOBIONT
    Abstract: 1 tab.
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1966: Artificial reestablishment of the lichen Cladonia cristatella. - Science 15: 199-201. [RLL List # 58 / Rec.# 211]
    Keywords: CLADONIA CRISTATELLA/ SYNTHESIS/ GROWTH/ CULTURE
    Abstract: 3 fig.
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1966: Cultural and physiological aspects of the lichen symbiosis. - In: W. A. Jensen & L. G. Kavaljian (eds.): Plant Biology Today. Advances and Challenges. Second Edition. Wadsworth Publishing Co., Inc., Belmont, California, pp. 148-163. [RLL List # 60 / Rec.# 212]
    Keywords: CULTURE/ PHYSIOLOGY/ GROWTH/ REVIEW
    Abstract: [Review article.]
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  • Gross, M/ Ahmadjian, V 1966: The effects of L-amino acids on the growth of two species of lichen fungi. - Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 60: 74-80. [RLL List # 61 / Rec.# 7102]
    Keywords: CLADONIA CRISTATELLA/ ACAROSPORA FUSCATA/ AMINO ACIDS/ CHEMISTRY/ GROWTH/ MYCOBIONTS/ PHYSIOLOGY/ CULTURE
    Abstract: 2 fig. 2 tab. [Studies on Cladonia cristatella and Acarospora fuscata.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1967: A guide to the algae occurring as lichen symbionts: isolation, culture, cultural physiology, and identification. - Phycologia 6: 127-160. [RLL List # 64 / Rec.# 214]
    Keywords: ALGAE/ CULTURE/ PHYCOBIONTS/ PHYSIOLOGY/ GROWTH/ ISOLATION/ IDENTIFICATION
    Abstract: 62 fig.
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1967: The Lichen Symbiosis. - Blaisdell Publishing Co., Waltham, Mass.. viii + 152 pp. [RLL List # 62 / Rec.# 215]
    Keywords: SYMBIOSIS/ CULTURE/ SYNTHESIS/ GROWTH/ TEXTBOOK
    Abstract: 53 fig. 2 tab. [Review with 304 references.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Brodo, IM", (eds.) 1967: International Lichenolgical Newsletter. Vol. 1, No. 1. April, 1967. - . 2 pp. [RLL List # 65 / Rec.# 171]
    Keywords: NEWSLETTER/ IAL
    Abstract: [Processed publication.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Brodo, IM", (eds.) 1967: International Lichenolgical Newsletter. Vol. 1, No. 2. July, 1967. - . 12 pp. [RLL List # 65 / Rec.# 172]
    Keywords: NEWSLETTER/ IAL
    Abstract: [Information about lichenologists and their activities.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Gannutz, TP/ Frishman, S 1967: Photosynthesis and respiration of antarctic lichens. - Antarctic Jour. 2: 100-101. [RLL List # 74 / Rec.# 183]
    Keywords: PHOTOSYNTHESIS/ RESPIRATION/ ANTARCTICA/ WATER RELATIONS/ GAS EXCHANGE/ PHYSIOLOGY
    Abstract: 1 fig. [" ... the highest rate of gas exchange occurs at temperatures from -1 deg. to -16 deg.C when the light intensity is below its maximum and when the plant is wet.... For optimal growth the plant has to be wet, and for any growth at all to take place at least some water must be present. This finding is in contrast to that of Lange and Bertsch (1965), who observed that certain lichens could absorb sufficient water vapor from air to achieve near optimal levels of gas exchange."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1968: Factors influencing establishment of lichens in artificial culture. - Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Mem. 1968: 27-34. [RLL List # 73 / Rec.# 216]
    Keywords: SYMBIOSIS/ CULTURE/ MYCOBIONT/ PHOTOBIONT
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1969: Lichen synthesis. - Österreich Bot. Zeitschr. 116: 306-311. [RLL List # 72 / Rec.# 217]
    Keywords: SYNTHESIS/ SYMBIOSIS/ REVIEW
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Brodo, IM", (eds.) 1969: International Lichenological Newsletter. Vol. 3, No. 1. June 1969. - . 10 pp. [RLL List # 72 / Rec.# 173]
    Keywords: NEWSLETTER/ IAL
    Abstract: [An article by W. A. Weber and news of lichenologists and their activities.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Brodo, IM", (eds.) 1969: International Lichenological Newsletter. Vol. 3, No. 2. December 1969. - . 10 pp. [RLL List # 74 / Rec.# 174]
    Keywords: NEWSLETTER/ IAL/ SCHWENDENER/ HISTORY
    Abstract: [A 10-page issue of news of the International Botanical Congress in Seattle, lichenologists and their work, and an exceptionally fine portrait of Simon Schwendener (1828-1919).]
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  • Jacobs, JB/ Ahmadjian, V 1969: The ultrastructure of lichens. I. A general survey. - Jour. Phycol. 5: 227-240. [RLL List # 73 / Rec.# 9192]
    Keywords: ULTRASTRUCTURE/ TEM/ REVIEW
    Abstract: 21 fig. [A review with 41 references.]
    [Edit/Delete] [Upload PDF/URL] [ET: 1954]

  • Ahmadjian, V 1970: Adpatations of Antarctic terrestrial plants. - In: M. W. Holdgate (ed.): Antarctic Ecology. Volume 2.. Academic Press, London & New York, pp. 801-811. [RLL List # 82 / Rec.# 218]
    Keywords: ANTARCTICA/ ADAPTATIONS
    Abstract: [Review article primarily on lichens.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1970: The lichen symbiosis: its origin and evolution. - Evolutionary Biology [Appleton Century Crofts, New York] 4: 163-184. [RLL List # 76 / Rec.# 219]
    Keywords: EVOLUTION/ SYMBIOSIS/ TREBOUXIA/ MONOPHYLETIC
    Abstract: 10 fig. 3 tab. ["What has been proposed in this article is that lichens that contain Trebouxia as the algal symbiont constitute a single group of monophyletic origin."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Brodo, IM", (eds.) 1970: International Lichenological Newsletter. Vol. 4, No. 1. May, 1970. - . 9 pp. [RLL List # 76 / Rec.# 175]
    Keywords: NEWSLETTER/ IAL/ MAGNUSSON/ HISTORY
    Abstract: [New about lichenologists; portrait of A. H. Magnusson (1885-1964).]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Heikkila, H 1970: The culture and synthesis of Endocarpon pusillum and Staurothele clopima. - Lichenologist 4: 259-267. [RLL List # 78 / Rec.# 184]
    Keywords: CULTURE/ STAUROTHELE/ ENDOCARPON/ SYNTHESIS/ SYMBIOSIS
    Abstract: 3 pl.
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Jacobs, JB 1970: The ultrastructure of lichens. III. Endocarpon pusillum. - Lichenologist 4: 268-270. [RLL List # 78 / Rec.# 187]
    Keywords: ULTRASTRUCTURE/ TEM/ ENDOCARPON PUSILLUM/ MORPHOLOGY
    Abstract: 3 pl.
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  • Kinraide, WTB/ Ahmadjian, V 1970: The effects of usnic acid on the physiology of two cultured species of the lichen alga Trebouxia Puym.. - Lichenologist 4: 234-247. [RLL List # 75 / Rec.# 10079]
    Keywords: ALGAE/ TREBOUXIA/ CULTURE/ PHYSIOLOGY/ PHYCOBIONT/ USNIC ACID/ GROWTH/ SYMBIOSIS/ REPRODUCTION/ CLADONIA/ ACAROSPORA
    Abstract: 3 fig. 10 tab. ["Aqueous solutions of the sodium salt of l-usnic acid (100ug/ml or less) inhibited growth and photosynthesis, rendered zoospores immotile, increased permeability, but did not affect pigment production in Trebouxia from Acarospora fuscata and Cladonia boryi. Respiration was inhibited in the former species but was stimulated in the latter."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Brodo, IM 1971: International Lichenological Newsletter. Vol. 5, No. 2. October 1971. - . 10 pp. [RLL List # 81 / Rec.# 179]
    Keywords: IAL/ NEWSLETTER/ HISTORY/ BRUCE FINK
    Abstract: [Notes on lichenologists; portrait of Bruce Fink (1861-1927).]
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  • Jacobs, JB/ Ahmadjian, V 1971: The ultrastructure of lichens. II. Cladonia cristatella: the lichen and its isolated symbionts. - Jour. Phycol. 7: 71-82. [RLL List # 80 / Rec.# 9193]
    Keywords: CLADONIA/ ULTRASTRUCTURE/ TEM/ MYCOBIONT/ PHOTOBIONT/ CULTURE
    Abstract: 25 fig.
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  • Jacobs, JB/ Ahmadjian, V 1971: The ultrastructure of lichens. VI. Movement of carbon products form alga to fungus as demonstrated by high resolution radioautography. - New Phytol. 70: 47-50. [RLL List # 80 / Rec.# 9194]
    Keywords: ULTRASTRUCTURE/ AUTORADIOGRAPHY/ CARBOHYDRATE MOVEMENT/ TEM/ METABOLISM/ SYMBIOSIS
    Abstract: 1 fig. 2 pl. ["After a 24 hour incubation with 14CO2, most of the label appeared in the algal chloroplast around the pyrenoid and in starch. The label in the fungus was present largely in the hyphal wall."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Brodo, IM", (eds.) 1972: International Lichenolgical Newsletter. Vol. 6. No. 1. April 1972. - . 10 pp. [RLL List # 82 / Rec.# 177]
    Keywords: IAL/ NEWSLETTER/ WILLEY
    Abstract: [List of lichenological organizations and journals; portrait of Henry Willey (1824-1907).]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Brodo, IM" (eds.) 1972: International Lichenological Newsletter. Vol. 6, No. 2. December 1972. - . 10 pp. [RLL List # 84 / Rec.# 170]
    Keywords: NEWSLETTER/ IAL/ HISTORY/ A.L. SMITH/ C. TAVARES/ V. SAVICZ
    Abstract: [News of lichenologists; portraits of Annie Lorraine Smith (1854-1937), Vsevolod P. Savicz (1885-1972) and Carlos das Neves Tavares (1914-1972).]
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  • Hill, DJ/ Ahmadjian, V 1972: Relationship between carbohydrate movement and the symbiosis in lichens with green algae. - Planta 103: 267-277. [RLL List # 83 / Rec.# 8524]
    Keywords: CARBOHYDRATE MOVEMENT/ SYMBIOSIS/ MYCOBIONT/ PHOTOBIONT
    Abstract: 4 fig. 5 tab.
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  • Schofield, E/ Ahmadjian, V 1972: Field observations and laboratory studies of some Antarctic cold desert cryptogams. - In: G. A. Llano (ed.): Antarctic Terrestrial Biology. Antarctic Research Series Vol. 20, American Geophysical Union, pp. 97-142. [RLL List # 85 / Rec.# 16664]
    Keywords: ANTARCITC/ NITROGEN SOURCES/ COLD DESERTS/ AMMONIA
    Abstract: 7 tab. 13 fig. ["Ammonia was considered to be an ideal source of nitrogen for plants in the saline cold deserts of continental Antarctica."]
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  • Wang Yang, JR/ Ahmadjian, V 1972: A morphological study of the algal symbionts of Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Web. and Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach.. - Taiwania 17: 170-181. [RLL List # 89 / Rec.# 19946]
    Keywords: ALGAE / CLADONIA RANGIFERINA / PARMELIA CAPERATA / MORPHOLOGY/ CULTURE/ GROWTH
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1973: Methods of isolating and culturing lichen symbionts and thalli. - In: V. Ahmadjian & M. E. Hale (eds.): The Lichens. Academic Press, New York and London, pp. 653-659. [RLL List # 88 / Rec.# 220]
    Keywords: ISOLATING/ CULTURING/ SYMBIONTS/ REVIEW/ GROWTH
    Abstract: [Review article.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1973: Resynthesis of lichens. - In: V. Ahmadjian & M. E. Hale (eds.): The Lichens. Academic Press, New York and London, pp. 565-579. [RLL List # 88 / Rec.# 221]
    Keywords: SYNTHESIS/ REVIEW/ CULTURE/ GROWTH
    Abstract: [Review article.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Hale, ME 1973: The Lichens. - Academic Press, New York and London. xiv + 697 pp. [RLL List # 88 / Rec.# 181]
    Keywords: HANDBOOK/ REVIEW
    Abstract: [22 review papers (listed separately in this bibliography).]
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  • Jacobs, JB/ Ahmadjian, V 1973: The ultrastructure of lichens. V. Hydrothyria venosa, a freshwater lichen. - New Phytol. 72: 155-160. [RLL List # 85 / Rec.# 9195]
    Keywords: ULTRASTRUCTURE/ TEM/ HYDROTHYRIA/ AQUATIC
    Abstract: 2 plates.
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1974: Lichen. - Encyclopaedia Britannica (ed. 15) 10 (Macropaedia): 882-888. [RLL List # 95 / Rec.# 222]
    Keywords: GENERAL/ POPULAR
    Abstract: Illus. in color. [A general statement.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Brodo, IM", (eds.) 1974: International Lichenological Newsletter. Vol. 8. Nos. 1 & 2. December 1974. - . 10 pp. [RLL List # 91-2 / Rec.# 178]
    Keywords: NEWSLETTER/ IAL/ OXNER
    Abstract: [New of lichenology; portrait of A.N. Oxner (1898-1973).]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1977: Qualitative requirements and utilization of nutrients: lichens. - In: M. Rechcig (ed.): Chemical Rubber Company Handbook Series in Nutrition. Section D: Nutritional Requirements. Volume 1. Chemical Rubber Company Press, Cleveland, pp. 203-215. [RLL List # 99 / Rec.# 223]
    Keywords: NUTRITION/ GROWTH/ ULTILZATION
    Abstract: [Data compiled from the literature.]
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  • Rosentretter, R/ Ahmadjian, V 1977: Effect of ozone on the lichen Cladonia arbuscula and the Trebouxia phycobiont of Cladonia stellaris. - The Bryologist 80: 600-605. [RLL List # 100 / Rec.# 15894]
    Keywords: OZONE/ CLADINA/ CLADONIA/ TREBOUXIA/ AIR POLLUTION/ PHYSIOLOGY
    Abstract: 3 tables.
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1978: Culture media (natural and synthetic): lichens. - In: M. Rechcigl (ed.): Chemical Rubber Company Handbook Series in Nutrition. Section G. Diets, Culture Media, Food Supplements. Volume III. Culture Media for Microorganisms and Plants. Chmemical Rubber Company Press, Cleveland, pp. 505-506. [RLL List # 101-1 / Rec.# 224]
    Keywords: GROWTH/ MEDIA/ NUTRITION/ NATURAL/ SYNTHETIC
    Abstract: [Data compiled from the literature.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Jacob, JB/ Russell, LA 1978: Scanning electron microscope study of early lichen symbiosis. - Science 200: 1062-1064. [RLL List # 100 / Rec.# 186]
    Keywords: SEM/ LECIDEA/ PHYCOBIONT/ MYCOBIONT/ SYNTHESIS/ RECOGNITION/ MORPHOLOGY
    Abstract: 6 figures. ["In the early stages of cellular interaction between the symbionts of Lecidea albocaerulescens, the phycobiont produced an extracellular sheath which bound to it hyphae of the mycobiont. Such a sheath may be the means by which the symbionts recognize each other. Hyphae of the mycobiont formed flattened appresoria as they grew over algal cells and in this way secured the autotrophic population necessary for the development of a lichen thallus."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1979: Lichens: clean air sentinels. - Garden 3(6): 18-24. [RLL List # 105-1 / Rec.# 225]
    Keywords: POPULAR/ AIR POLLUTION
    Abstract: [Popular article on lichens and air pollution in the November/December issue of this magazine. Includes several black and white photos and one double-page color plate.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1980: Separation and artiificial synthesis of lichens. - In: C. B. Cook, P. W. Pappas & E. D. Rudolph (eds.): Cellular Interactions in Symbiosis and Parasitism. Ohio State University Press, Columbus, pp. 3-29. [RLL List # 107-2 / Rec.# 226]
    Keywords: SYNTHESIS/ MYCOBIONT/ PHYCOBIONT/ GROWTH
    Abstract: 14 figures. 3 tables. [Review including new information from the author's research laboratory.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Russell, LA/ Hildreth, KC 1980: Artificial reestablishment of lichens. I. Morphological interactions between the phycobionts of different lichens and the mycobionts of Cladonia cristatella and Lecanora chrysoleuca. - Mycologia 72: 73-89. [RLL List # 106-1 / Rec.# 194]
    Keywords: SYNTHESIS/ PHYCOBIONT/ MYCOBIONT/ CLADONIA/ TREBOUXIA/ LECANORA/ PSEUDOTREBOUXIA/ CONCENTRIC BODIES
    Abstract: 16 figures. ["Successful resyntheses were achieved between a mycobiont of Cladonia cristatella and 13 isolates of Trebouxia phycobionts." The same mycobiont did not associate with isolated of Pseudotrebouxia or Pleurastrum terrestre. "The mycobiont Lecanora chrysoleuca formed soredia with five isolates of Pseudotrebouxia and with one isolate of Trebouxia. Concentric bodies were seen in the hyphae of C. cristatella synthesized with the phycobionts of Cladonia boryi and Lecidea tumida." The results support the generic specificity of mycobionts for the phycobiont and the role of concentric bodies in development of the lichen thallus or synthesis of lichen substances.]
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  • Culberson, CF/ Ahmadjian, V 1980: Artificial reestablishment of lichens. II. Secondary products of resynthesized Cladonia cristatella and Lecanora chrysoleuca. - Mycologia 72: 90-109. [RLL List # 106-15 / Rec.# 3721]
    Keywords: SYNTHESIS/ CLADONIA/ RHIZOPLACA/ LECANORA/ TREBOUXIA/ CHEMISTRY/ DEPSIDE/ PSEUDOTREBOUXIA/ GROWTH/ CULTURE/ SYMBIOSIS/ ENZYME
    Abstract: 12 figures. 1 table. ["Successful resynthesis of the Cladonia cristatella mycobiont with its normal phycobiont and with Trebouxia isolates from 12 other species of lichens all produced the characteristic depside barbatic acid as the major secondary product. No characteristic lichen products were found in cultures of the C. cristatella mycobiont either alone, under a variety of cultural conditions, or mixed with Pseudotrebouxia phycobionts under the same conditions that led to the successful resynthesis with Trebouxia phycobionts. The production of characteristic lichen products is affected primarily by the establishment of a successful symbiosis and secondarily by as yet poorly defined environmental factors. The formation of many characteristic lichen products may involve algal inhibition of fungal enzymes."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Jacobs, JB 1981: Relationship between fungus and alga in the lichen Cladonia cristatella Tuck. - Nature 289: 169-172. [RLL List # 109-2 / Rec.# 188]
    Keywords: SYMBIOSIS/ CLADONIA/ MYCOBIONT/ SYNTHESIS/ CONTROLLED PARASITISM/ CO-EVOLUTION
    Abstract: 3 figures. 2 tables. ["As we report here, our observations of artificial syntheses of the mycobiont Cladonia cristatella ('British soldiers') with different algae suggest that the relationship in this lichen is one of controlled parasitism. The mycobiont formed squamules mostly with algae related to its natural phycobiont, an indication perhaps of a long period of co-evolution between the symbionts of this lichen."]
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  • Hildreth, KC/ Ahmadjian, V 1981: A study of Trebouxia and Pseudotrebouxia isolates from different lichens. - Lichenologist 13: 65-86. [RLL List # 109-44 / Rec.# 8521]
    Keywords: TREBOUXIA/ PSEUDOTREBOUXIA/ NEW TAXA/ KEY/ PHYCOBIONT/ SYMBIOSIS
    Abstract: 4 tables. 3 figures. [A detailed study of 20 phycobionts belonging to Trebouxia and Pseudotrebouxia; keys. New: Pseudotrebouxia galapagensis sp. nov., P. gigantea sp. nov., P. higginsiae sp. nov., P. jamesii sp. nov., P. showmanii sp. nov., P. usneae sp. nov. and Trebouxia irregularis sp. nov. "Identical phycobiont species were isolated from widely different lichens which showed that these algal symbionts were not specific to particular mycobionts. There was much variation in cellular detail within individual algal species indicating that the criteria currently used to separate species of these phycobionts may be too restrictrive."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1982: Algal/fungal symbioses. - In: F. C. Round & D. J. Chapman (eds.): Progress in Phycological Research. Volume 1. Elsevier Biomedical Press, B.V., Amsterdam, pp. 179-233. [RLL List # 115-1 / Rec.# 227]
    Keywords: SYMBIOSIS/ PHYCOBIONT/ REVIEW
    Abstract: 28 figures. 4 tables. [Detailed review with many references including information from the author's laboratory.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1982: The nature of lichens. - Natural History 91: 30-37. [RLL List # 113-1 / Rec.# 228]
    Keywords: POPULAR/ SYMBIOSIS/ CONTROLLED PARASITISM/ GROWTH
    Abstract: 8 unnumbered figures. [Semi-popular article discussing the nature of the symbiotic relationship in lichens and some of the results of culture experiments in the author's laboratory. Concludes that lichens are best considered a controlled parasitism.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Jacobs, JB 1982: Artificial reestablishment of lichens. III. Synthetic development of Usnea strigosa. - Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 52: 393-399. [RLL List # 115-2 / Rec.# 189]
    Keywords: SYNTHESIS/ DEVELOPMENT/ USNEA/ PSEUDOTREBOUXIA/ MYCOBIONT/ PHYCOBIONT
    Abstract: 8 figures. [Reports results of synthesis experiments with the mycobiont of Usnea strigosa and several species of algae. "The mycobiont fully lichenized only with Pseudotrebouxia usneae." Details of the developmental process are outlined.]
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  • Ahmadjian, Vernon/ Jacobs, Jerome B 1983: Algal-fungal relationships in lichens: recognition, synthesis, and development. - In: L. J. Goff (ed.): Algal Symbiosis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 147-172. [RLL List # 120-1 / Rec.# 195]
    Keywords: ALGAE/ OWN/ SYMBIOSIS/ SYNTHESIS/ CONTROLLED PARASITISM/ CLADONIA CRISTATELLA/ AZENIC CULTURE
    Abstract: 16 figures. [Authors review the evidence of controlled parasitism in Cladonia cristatella synthesis cultureswith SEM and TEM documentation. Alternate wet-dry cycles are not necessary for development and the synthetic lichens produced the same secondary compounds as natural forms.]
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  • Withrow, K/ Ahmadjian, V 1983: The ultrastructure of lichens. VII. Chiodecton sanguineum. - Mycologia 75: 337-339. [RLL List # 117-100 / Rec.# 20414]
    Keywords: CHIODECTON/ ULTRASTRUCTURE/ WORONIN BODIES
    Abstract: 4 figures. [Authors conclude that the ultrastructural evidence, including the discovery of Woronin bodies, places Chiodecton sanguineum in the Ascomycetes.]
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  • Richardson, DHS/ Kiang, S/ Ahmadjian, V/ Nieboer, E 1985: Lead and uranium uptake by lichens. - In: D. H. Brown (ed.): Lichen Physiology and Cell Biology. Plenum Press, New York and London, pp. 227-246. [RLL List # 127-151 / Rec.# 15572]
    Keywords: LEAD/ URANIUM/ UPTAKE/ ACCUMULATION/ UMBILICARIA/ PELTIGERA/ CLADONIA/ CATION BINDING
    Abstract: 6 figures. 6 tables. ["It is evident from the foregoing paragraphs that while cation binding by lichens most likely involves carboxylic acid-containing ligands, the exact nature of the binding molecule or molecules has yet to be determined. The preliminary study of mycobiont cell walls, using fractionation coupled with metal uptake studies, suggested that cell-wall proteins might be important in metal binding. The extracellular matrix and lichen acids appear not to take part in metal-ion binding, but may be important as regards the total metal content of naturally-collected thalli."]
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  • Koriem, AM/ Ahmadjian, V 1986: An ultrastructural study of lichenized and cultured Nostoc photobionts of Peltigera canina, Peltigera rufescens, and Peltigera spuria. - Endocytobiosis and Cell Research 3: 65-78. [RLL List # 128-65 / Rec.# 10373]
    Keywords: PELTIGERA/ ALGAE/ NOSTOC/ TEM/ ULTRASTRUCTURE/ CULTURE/ MORPHOLOGY
    Abstract: 10 figures. 2 tables. [Ultrastructural observations on Nostoc photobionts in three Peltigera species grown in culture and compared with those in the lichen association. Several differences were noted. "The ability of lichenized Nostoc photobionts to assume characteristics of free-living cyanobacteria when they are removed from their symbiotic state suggests that coevolution has not occurred to any great extent in the fungal-algal association of Peltigera."]
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  • Remmer, SB/ Ahmadjian, V/ Livdahl, TP 1986: Effects of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and kinetin (6-furfurylamino-purine) on the synthetic lichen Cladonia cristatella and its isolated symbionts. - Lichen Physiology and Biochemistry 1: 1-25. [RLL List # 129-140 / Rec.# 15507]
    Keywords: CLADONIA/ HORMONES/ AUXIN/ KINETIN/ SYMBIONTS/ CYTOKININ/ TREBOUXIA
    Abstract: 7 figures. 8 tables. ["Algal growth was stimulated and fungal growth inhibited at 0.1 mg/l IAA while at 1.0 mg/l IAA algal growth was not significantly affected but fungal growth was inhibited. Kinetin moderated the inhibitory action of IAA on fungal growth. Hormone treatments identical to those used on the symbionts were used during lichen synthesis." Kinetin alone and in combination with IAA "... stimulated the development of synthetic squamules, juvenile podetia, and apothecia."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1987: Coevolution in lichens. - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 503: 307-315. [RLL List # 135 / Rec.# 229]
    Keywords: COEVOLUTION/ EVOLUTION
    Abstract: [General review of aspects of the lichen symbiosis. "These phenomena plus the absence of free-living populations of most lichen fungi and photobionts indicate that lichen symbionts have undergone long periods of coevolution."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1987: Laboratory culture of lichens and lichen symbionts. - In: : Proceedings of Symposium on Tissue Culture of Lichen and Bryophyte, April 23, 1987, Kyoto. Committee for Symposium on Tissue Culture of Lichen and Bryophyte. Sponsored by the Nippon Paint Co., Ltd., Neyagawa, 572, pp. 1-13. [RLL List # 133 / Rec.# 230]
    Keywords: LICHEN CULTURE/ SYMBIOSIS/ GROWTH/ REVIEW
    Abstract: 8 figures. [General discussion of lichen and symbiont growth and development.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Chadeganipour, M/ Koriem, AM/ Paracer, S 1987: DNA and protoplast isolations from lichens and lichen symbionts. - Lichen Physiology and Biochemistry 2: 1-11. [RLL List # 135 / Rec.# 182]
    Keywords: DNA/ CULTURES/ MYCOBIONTS/ BIOTECHNOLOGY/ PHOTOBIONT
    Abstract: 6 figures. ["DNA was isolated from several lichens, cultured mycobionts, and two photobionts using a method established for non-lichenized fungi. The ability to isolate protoplasts from lichen mycobionts and the probability that the protoplasts can regenerate to form hyphae opens the door to transformation experiments as well as to hybridization studies between different lichen strains."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Jacobs, JB 1987: Studies on the development of synthetic lichens. - In: E. Peveling (ed.): Progress and Problems in Lichenology in the Eighties. Bibliotheca Lichenologica No. 25. J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart, pp. 47-58. [RLL List # 131 / Rec.# 191]
    Keywords: SYNTHESIS/ MYCOBIONT/ PHOTOBIONT/ PHYSIOLOGY/ DEVELOPMENT/ CULTURE/ SEM/ USNEA/ TREBOUXIA
    Abstract: 3 plates. [Reports studies on Usnea strigosa and Antarctic cryptoendolithic lichens. "We suggest that the endolithic lichen is a modification of an epilithic form and that the loss of thallus organization in the endolithic habitat is an environmental response and is not irreversible."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1988: The lichen alga Trebouxia: does it occur free-living?. - Plant Systematics and Evolution 158(2-4): 243-247. [RLL List # 137 / Rec.# 231]
    Keywords: TREBOUXIA/ PLEURASTRUM/ EVOLUTION/ PHYCOBIONTS/ ALGAE
    Abstract: 1 figure. ["Recent evidence indicates that the most common photobiont of lichens, Trebouxia, has evolved from the soil alga Pleurastrum terrestre. The few Trebouxia cells that have been seen in unlichenized condition probably were released from asexual propagules or thallus fragments. Trebouxia apperas to be a lichenized form of Pleurastrum and does not exist free-living."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1989: [Review of:] D. H. Dalby, D. L. Hawksworth & S. L. Jury (eds.): Horizons in Lichenology. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 96(1): 1-100. 1988. - The Bryologist 92(1): 150. [RLL List # 137 / Rec.# 232]
    Keywords: REVIEW
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  • Kieft, T/ Ahmadjian, V 1989: Biological ice nucleation activity in lichen mycobionts and photobionts. - Lichenologist 21(4): 355-362. [RLL List #  / Rec.# 10045]
    Keywords: COLD TOLERANCE/ ICE NUCLEATION/ MYCOBIONT/ PHOTOBIONT/ WATER ABSORPTION
    Abstract: 4 fig. 1 tab. ["It appears that biological ice nuclei in lichens are produced primarily by the mycobiont."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1990: Dr. Mason Ellsworth Hale, Jr. (1928-1990). - Endocytobiosis and Cell Research 7: 1-4. [RLL List # 142 / Rec.# 234]
    Keywords: OBITUARY/ HALE
    Abstract: 1 photograph. [Brief synopsis of the life and work of Mason Hale.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1990: Trebouxia jamesii and the question of multinucleate cells in the lichen photobiont Trebouxia. - Lichenologist 22(3): 321-324. [RLL List # 141 / Rec.# 236]
    Keywords: TREBOUXIA/ PHOTOBIONT/ MULTINUCLEATE/ CULTURE/ ALGAE
    Abstract: 1 figure. ["The question of whether or not some Trebouxia species have multinucleate cells is a controversial one. Trebouxia jamesii was re-examined and found to have multinucleate cells in cultures grown on rich, organic media."]
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  • Leuckert, C/ Ahmadjian, V/ Culberson, CF/ Johnson, A 1990: Xanthones and depsidones of the lichen Lecanora dispersa in nature and of its mycobiont in culture. - Mycologia 82(3): 370-378. [RLL List # 142 / Rec.# 11399]
    Keywords: CULTURE/ MYCOBIONT/ LECANORA/ PANNARIN/ XANTHONES/ CHEMISTRY
    Abstract: 3 tables. 6 figures. ["A chemotype of the natural lichen Lecanora dispersa contains 2, 7-dichlorolichexanthone as the major secondary compound, but cultured spore isolates, growing without the alga, produced pannarin and related depsidones (HPLC, TLC, and MS) instead. Surprisingly, pannarin could not be confirmed in voucher materials of the natural source lichen, but the biosynthetic potential for this depsidone was proven for the species by a herbarium survey. The production of pannarin by the isolated mycobionts reported in the present study, however, unequivocally confirms Komyia and Shibata's hypothesis that typical lichen depsidones can indeed be synthesized by isolated lichen fungi with no assistance from the alga."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1991: Ivan Mackenzie Lamb (Elke Mackenzie) (1911-1990). - Lichenologist 23(1): 85-87. [RLL List # 143 / Rec.# 238]
    Keywords: LAMB/ OBITUARY/ NECROLOGY
    Abstract: 1 figure. [Brief obituary of I.M. Lamb.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1991: Molecular biology of lichens: a look to the future. - Symbiosis 11: 249-254. [RLL List #  / Rec.# 239]
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY/ MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
    Abstract: ["This paper considers possible directions in lichenological research along molecular lines."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1991: [Review of:] : [Review:] R. E. Longton. The Biology of Polar Bryophytes and Lichens. . - American Scientist 79(4): 366-367. [RLL List #  / Rec.# 240]
    Keywords: ANTARCTIC/ ARCTIC/ ECOLOGY
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  • Ahmadjian, V/ Brink, JJ/ Shehata, AI 1991: Molecular biology of lichens--search for plasmid DNA and the question of gene movement between bionts. - In: : Proceedings of International Symposium on Lichenology 1990. Nippon Paint Co., Ltd., Osaka, pp. 2-21. [RLL List # 143 / Rec.# 169]
    Keywords: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY/ DNA/ PLASMIDS/ GENE EXCHANGE/ CLADONIA
    Abstract: 8 figures. [Documents isolations of DNA and restriction endonuclease digestion patterns from Cladonia cristatella. Authors describe problems and directions for future research.]
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  • Kinoshita, Y/ Hayase, S/ Higuchi, M/ Yamamoto, Y/ Ahmadjian, V/ Yoshimura, I/ Yamada, Y 1991: Improvement of protoplast isolation from lichen mycobionts. - Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 55(7): 1891-1892. [RLL List #  / Rec.# 10076]
    Keywords: CELL CULTURE/ PROTOPLAST ISOLATION
    Abstract: 1 fig.
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1992: Basic mechanisms of signal exchange, recognition, and regulation in lichens. - In: Reisser, W (ed.): Algae and Symbioses: Plants, Animals, Fungi, Viruses, Interactions Explored. Biopress Limited, Bristol, England, pp. 675-697. [RLL List # 153 / Rec.# 241]
    Keywords: BIONT RECOGNITION/ BIONT SPECIFICITY/ CARBON/ DEVELOPMENTAL RATES/ HAUSTORIA/ HORMONES/ MYCOBIONT CULTURE/ NITROGEN/ NUTRIENT TRANSFER/ PHOTOSYMBIODEMES/ PHYCOBIONT CULTURE/ PHYTOCHROME/ PLASMIDS/ REGULATION/ RIBITOL/ SECONDARY PRODUCTS/ SECONDARY PRODUCTS IN CULTURE/ THALLUS DEVELOPMENT/ XENOBIONTS
    Abstract: 1 fig. [Includes sections on recognition between bionts, biont interactions and early thallus development, algal influence on thallus development, candidates for the photobiont signal that causes fungal transformation, synthesis of secondary compounds, nutrient transport from photobiont to mycobiont, fruiting of the mycobiont, regulation of the algal population by mycobiont, algal control of haustorial growth, and xenobionts in the lichen thallus.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1993: The lichen photobiont - what can it tell us about lichen systematics?. - The Bryologist 96(3): 310-313. [RLL List # 153 / Rec.# 242]
    Keywords: CULTURE/ IDENTIFICATION/ MORPHOGENESIS/ PHOTOBIONT/ TAXONOMY/ THALLUS FORMATION
    Abstract: 3 tab. ["Identification of different types of photobionts isolated from a wide variety of lichens has shown that there is not a well-defined pattern between the mycobiont and its corresponding photobiont. It is unlikely that taxonomists can find much value in the types of photobionts that occur in lichens, at least at the species level."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1993: The Lichen Symbiosis. - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 250 pp. [RLL List # 155 / Rec.# 243]
    Keywords: AIR POLLUTION/ BIONT INTERACTIONS/ CARBOHYDRATE MOVEMENT/ MOLECULAR BIOLOGY/ MYCOBIONT CULTURE/ PHOTOSYNTHESIS/ PHYCOBIONT CULTURE/ RESPIRATION/ SYMBIOSIS
    Abstract: [A completely rewritten and enlarged version of the author's well known introductory text published in 1967. This volume contains eight chapters: 1. Introduction; 2. The Mycobiont (Fungal Symbiont); 3. The Photobiont (Photosynthetic Symbiont); 4. Biont Interactions I: Development of Synthetic and Natural Lichens; 5. Biont Interactions II: Carbohydrate Movement; 6. Biont Interactions III: Physiology of Lichens; 7. Lichens, Bionts, and Air Pollution; 8. Molecular Biology of Lichens. There is also an appendix with considerable information on techniques for isolation and culture of lichen bionts, their resynthesis, culture of natural lichens, and protoplast isolation.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1994: [Review of:] : [Review:] G. B. Feige & H. T. Lumbsch. Phytochemistry and Chemotaxonomy of Lichenized Ascomycetes - A Festschrift in Honour of Siegfried Huneck. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 53: XIII + 288 pp. J. Cramer, Berlin and Stuttgart. 1993. . - The Bryologist 7(4): 471. [RLL List # 157 / Rec.# 244]
    Keywords: BOOK REVIEW
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1995: Lichens - specialized groups of parasitic fungi. - In: Kohmoto, K/Singh, US/Singh, RP (eds.): Pathogenesis and Host Specificity in Plant Diseases. Histopathological, Biochemical, Genetic and Molecular Bases. Vol. II: Eukaryotes. Pergamon Press, Elmsford, NY, pp. 277-288. [RLL List # 159 / Rec.# 245]
    Keywords: MUTUALISM/ PARASITISM/ SYMBIOSIS
    Abstract: 4 fig. 1 tab.
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1995: Lichens are more important than you think. - BioScience 45(3): 124. [RLL List # 159 / Rec.# 246]
    Keywords: ECOLOGY/ NEWS/ POPULAR
    Abstract: [Opinion piece attempting to enlighten other biologists about the ecological and biological significance of lichens.]
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  • Bradley, PM/ Pratt, DA/ Paracer, S/ Ahmadjian, V 1995: The application of antibiotics to the in vitro cultivation of lichen. Poster presentation at the 59th Annual Meeting of the Northeast Section of the American Society for Plant Physiologists, April 28, 1995, University of Rhode Island in Kingston. 1 page. - . pp. [RLL List # 159 / Rec.# 2233]
    Keywords: ANTIBIOTICS/ BACTERIA/ MYCOBIONT CULTURE
    Abstract: [Thirty different antibiotics were tested for use in eliminating bacteria from lichen cultures.]
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  • Brink, JJ/ Ahmadjian, V/ Fröberg, L/ Goldsmith, S 1995: Time course of RNA accumulation in cultures of lichen fungi. - Cryptogamic Botany 5(1): 55-59. [RLL List # 158 / Rec.# 2399]
    Keywords: CLADONIA/ DNA/ MOLECULAR METHODS/ MYCOBIONT/ RNA
    Abstract: 2 fig. 1 tab. ["An investigation of the amount of RNA in three mycobiont clones of Cladonia cristatella, the natural lichen of C. cristatella (Lecanorales) and of Aspergillus niger (Eurotiales) has been carried out."]
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  • Yamamoto, Y/ Kinoshita, Y/ Kurokawa, T/ Yoshimura, I/ Ahmadjian, V/ Yamada, Y 1995: Cell growth and pigment production in suspension cultures of a mycobiont isolated from the lichen Cladonia cristatella. - Canadian Journal of Botany 73(Suppl. 1): 590-594. [RLL List # 161 / Rec.# 20550]
    Keywords: CLADONIA/ MYCOBIONT CULTURE/ SUSPENSION CULTURES/ TISSUE CULTURE
    Abstract: 9 fig. ["This is the first study on the factors that affect cell gowth and the production of secondary metabolites of a lichen mycobiont in liquid culture."]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1996: [Review:] D. L. Hawksworth (ed.). Ascomycete Systematics. Problems and Perspectives. Plenum Press, New York & London. 1994, 453 pages. - The Bryologist 99(3): 376-377. [RLL List # 164 / Rec.# 247]
    Keywords: BOOK REVIEW
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  • Ahmadjian, V 1996: [Review:] J. Rikkinen. What's Behind the Pretty Colors: A Study on the Photobiology of Lichens. Bryobrothera 4: 1-239. 1995. - The Bryologist 99(3): 375-376. [RLL List # 164 / Rec.# 248]
    Keywords: BOOK REVIEW
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  • Yamamoto, Y/ Matsubara, H/ Kinoshita, Y/ Kinoshita, K/ Koyama, K/ Takahashi, K/ Ahmadjian, V/ Kurokawa, T/ Yoshimura, I 1996: Naphthazarin derivatives from cultures of the lichen Cladonia cristatella. - Phytochemistry 43(6): 1239-1242. [RLL List # 166 / Rec.# 20554]
    Keywords: 6-METHYLCRISTAZARIN/ CLADONIA/ CRISTAZARIN/ MYCOBIONT CULTURE/ NAPTHAZARIN
    Abstract: 3 formulae [Report of a clonal selection which produces the red pigments cristazarin (3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-7-methoxynaphthazarin) and 6-methylcristazarin, two new napthazarin derivatives.]
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  • Paracer, S/ Ahmadjian, V 2000: Symbiosis: An Introduction to Biological Associations. - Oxford University Press, New York. 291 pp. [RLL List # 184 / Rec.# 22427]
    Keywords: COEVOLUTION/ ENDOSYMBIOSIS/ SYMBIOSIS
    Abstract: many figs. 2 append. [Fourteen chapters, only one of which deals partly with fungal-algal associations.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 2001: Trebouxia: reflections on a perplexing and controversial lichen photobiont. - In: Seckbach, J (ed.): Symbiosis. Mechanisms and Model Systems. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 373-383. [RLL List # 188 / Rec.# 23528]
    Keywords: PHOTOBIONT/ REVIEW/ SYMBIOSIS/ TREBOUXIA
    Abstract: 4 fig.
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  • Ahmadjian, V 2002: Lingering lichen myths are hard to dispel. - ISS Symbiosis International 2(2): 1-2. [RLL List # 188 / Rec.# 23529]
    Keywords: SYMBIOSIS
    Abstract: 1 photo [Essay on the lichen symbiosis.]
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  • Ahmadjian, V 2002: Trebouxia: reflections on a perplexing and controversial lichen photobiont. - In: Seckbach, J (ed.): Symbiosis: Mechanisms and Model Systems. Cellular Origin and Life in Extreme Habitats, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, pp. 375-383. [RLL List # 198 / Rec.# 26545]
    Keywords: PHOTOBIONT/ RESYNTHESIS/ SYMBIOSIS/ TREBOUXIA
    Abstract: 4 fig.
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