Keywords: BIODIVERITY DISTRIBUTION NEW RECORDS
Abstract: Records of 13 lichenized, lichenicolous or saprophytic fungi from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania are reported. Absconditella lignicola, Bacidina sulphurella, Endococcus exerrans, Lepraria rigidula, Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum, Monodictys epilepraria, Mycoglaena myricae, Peltigera extenuata, Stigmidium marinum, Taeniolella punctata and Tremella hypogymniae are new to Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Arthonia pruinata is rediscovered in this federal state after more than 70 years and the occurrence of Graphis pulverulenta could be confirmed.
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Abstract: Three species of lichenicolous fungi, Roselliniella cladoniae, Taeniolella beschiana and Trichonectria rubefaciens, are reported for the first time for Belarus; two further species, lllosporiopsis christiansenii and Marchandiomyces aurantiacus, are new to Gomel Region, the south-eastern part of Belarus.
Countries/Continents: Europe/Estonia
URL: http://ojs.utlib.ee/index.php/FCE/article/view/fce.2013.50.09/1016
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Keywords: CAROTENOIDS CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE PERFORMANCE INDEX THALLUS
Abstract: Over last decades, several studies have been focused on short-term high light stress in lichens under laboratory conditions. Such studies reported a strong photoinhibition of photosynthesis accompanied by a partial photodestruction of PSII, involvement of photoprotective mechanisms, and resynthetic processes into gradual recovery. In our paper, we applied medium [800 μmol(photon) m−2 s−1] light stress to induce negative changes in PSII funcioning as well as pigment and glutathione (GSH) content in two Antarctic fruticose lichen species. Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters, such as potential and effective quantum yield of photosynthetic processes and fast transients (OJIP) recorded during high light exposition and recovery, revealed that Usnea antarctica was less susceptible to photoinhibition than U. aurantiaco-atra. This might be supported by a more pronounced high light-induced reduction in Chl a and b contents in U. aurantiaco-atra compared with U. antarctica. In both experimental species, total GSH showed an initial increase during the first 30–40 min of high light treatment followed by a decrease (60 min) and an increase during dark recovery. Full GSH recovery, however, was not finished in U. aurantiaco-atra even after 5 h indicating lower capacity of photoprotective mechanisms in the species. OJIP curves showed high light-induced decrease in both species, however, the recovery of the OJIPs shape to pre-photoinhibitory values was faster and more apparent in U. antarctica than in U. aurantiaco-atra. The results are discussed in terms of sensitivity of the two species to photoinhibition and their photosynthetic performance in natural environment.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11099-014-0060-7
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Keywords: ANTARCTIC FLORA ANTARCTICA COLOBANTHUS QUITENSIS CUSHION PLANTS DESCHAMPSIA ANTARCTICA MOSSES NURSE PLANTS POSITIVE INTERACTION SANIONIA USNEA ANTARCTICA USNEA AURANTIACOATRA
Abstract: A recent article published by Molina-Montenegro et al. (Journal of Vegetation Science24: 463) examines the association of Antarctic native plant and lichen species to the lichen Usnea antarctica on Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, maritime Antarctica. The authors report that on two sites, five out of 13 and four out of 11 species of lichens and mosses were spatially associated with U. antarctica, suggesting positive interactions between them. Although Deschampsia antarctica does not grow naturally associated with U. antarctica, Molina-Montenegro et al. carried out a transplantation experiment to demonstrate that the macrolichen acts as a nurse plant, improving the survival of the grass. Serious conceptual and methodological discrepancies emerge from a critical evaluation of this study, challenging their conclusions. First, we suspect that the author confused some lichen taxa, and we also disagree with macrolichens being treated as cushion plants, because rootless, poikilohydric and poikilothermic thallophytes such as lichens are unable to create a stable, enclave-like microhabitat as vascular cushion plants do. Indeed, a critical evaluation of some of the micro-environmental parameters measured indicates that there are no biologically meaningful differences between the U. antarctica thalli and surrounding open areas. Second, the lack of consideration of the life history of the species under study leads to confusion when (a) referring to the succession sequence of species that colonize the studied area and (b) interpreting the putative distribution patterns promoted by Usnea versus the substrate preferences of associated species. Third, the authors intend to demonstrate experimentally that Usnea can facilitate the survival of D. antarctica plants, transplanting adult plants and not seedlings between the lichen thalli, and it is not clear how the grass was planted
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12122
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Keywords: ALGAL STACKS BIOGEOGRAPHY DICHOTOMOUS KEY LICHENS PORPIDIACEAE THALLOCONDIDIA
Abstract: Eight new species of Lecideaceae are described from the southern subpolar region: Bryobilimbia coppinsiana Fryday [sic, error for = Bryobilimbia austrosaxicola Fryday & Coppins], a saxicolous species with one septate ascospores (Campbell Island, New Zealand); Immersaria fuliginosa Fryday, with a thallus composed of thalloconidia (Falkland Islands); Lecidea aurantia Fryday, with an orange thallus (Auckland Islands, New Zealand); L. campbellensis Fryday, with an endolithic thallus and apothecia resembling those of a species of Porpidia (Campbell Island); Poeltiaria ochyrae Hertel [sic, error for Poeltiaria coppinsiana Hertel], which is similar to P. subincongua but with a thick areolate thallus (South Orkney and South Shetland Islands); P. tasmanica Fryday, which is similar to P. urbanskyana but with smaller ascopores (Tasmania); Poeltidea inspersa Fryday with an enolithic thallus and a hymenium with large oil globules (Falkland Islands); and Porpidia vulcanoides Hertel & Fryday with immersed apothecia with a thick margin and large ascospores (SW Chile). Lecidea kalbii Hertel is resurrected from the synonymy of L. mannii Tuck. and treated as a distinct species. The circumscription of genera within the Lecideaceae is also discussed: Poeltiaria is shown to be heterogeneous, and the genera Labyrintha and Notolecidea are reduced to synonymy with Poeltidea and Poeltiaria respectively, and the new combinations Poeltidia implexa (Malcolm et al.) Hertel & Fryday and Poeltiaria subcontinua (Hertel) Hertel & Fryday made. A key to the genera of Lecideaceae s. lat. is provided.
Notes: New: Bryobilimbia austrosaxicola Fryday & Coppins, Immersaria fuliginosa Fryday, Lecidea aurantia Fryday, Lecidea campbellensis Fryday, Poeltiaria coppinsiana Hertel, Poeltiaria tasmanica Fryday, Poeltidea inspersa Fryday, Porpidia vulcanoides Hertel & Fryday, Poeltidea implexa (Malcolm, Elix & Owe-Larss.) Hertel & Fryday (≡ Labyrintha implexa Malcolm, Elix & Owe-Larss.), Poeltiaria subcontinua (Nyl.) Hertel & Fryday (≡ Lecidea subcontinua Nyl.). Labyrintha Malcolm, Elix & Owe-Larss. and Notolecidea Hertel are placed in synonymy with Poeltidea Hertel. Lecidea kalbii Hertel and Lecidea mannii Tuck. are treated as distinct taxa.
URL: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9220061&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0024282913000704
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Keywords: CARBON CARBON 14 ANTARCTICA ARTICLE CALIBRATION CLIMATE CHANGE CONTROLLED STUDY ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE FUNGUS GROWTH LICHEN (ORGANISM) NONHUMAN SUMMER THALLUS USNEA ANTARCTICA USNEA AURANTIACOATRA WINTER
Abstract: The ages of a fruticose lichen of Usnea aurantiacoatra (Jacq.) Bory, from Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Southwest Antarctic, were determined by radiocarbon (14C), and it is 1993-1996 at bottom and 2006-2007 at top of the lichen branch. The growth rates of U. aurantiacoatra calculated are 4.3 to 5.5 mm year-1 based on its length and ages. The comparisons show that the growth rates of U. aurantiacoatra are higher than those of U. antarctica (0.4 to 1.1 mm year21). The growth rates of fruticose lichens are always higher, usually >2 mm year-1, than those of crustose ones, usually <1 mm year-1, in polar areas. A warming trend on Fildes Peninsula is recorded in the period from 1969 to 2010 obviously: the mean annual temperature rose from -2.75 to -1.9°C and the average temperature of summer months from 0.95 to 1.4°C, as well as the average temperature of winter months from -6.75 to -5.5°C. The alteration of lichen growth rates in polar areas may respond to the climatic and environmental changes, and the lichens may act as bio-monitor of natural condition. © 2014 Li et al.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100735
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Abstract: Two new genera and twelve new species of Graphidaceae are described from Puerto Rico. The two new genera, Borinquenotrema and Paratopeliopsis, are based on a combination of molecular sequence data and phenotype characters. Borinquenotrema, with the single new species B. soredicarpum, features rounded ascomata developing beneath and persistently covered with soralia and with an internal anatomy reminescent of Carbacanthographis; it is close to the tribe Ocellularieae. Paratopeliopsis, including the single new species P. caraibica, resembles a miniature Topeliopsis but differs in the distinctly farinose thallus and the small, brown ascospores; it is not closely related to the latter genus but belongs in tribe Thelotremateae. The other ten new species belong in the genera Acanthotrema, Clandestinotrema, Compositrema, Fissurina, Ocellularia, and Thalloloma. Acanthotrema alboisidiatum is closely related to A. brasilianum but differs in the short, white isidia resembling insect eggs. Clandestinotrema portoricense has a unique ascospore type with a longitudinal septum only in the proximal cell. Compositrema borinquense resembles a species of Stegobolus but belongs in Compositrema based on sequence data, and is characterized by ascomata with a unique columella composed of thick, irregularly radiating strands. The second new species in this genus, C. isidiofarinosum, differs by its ecorticate, farinose thallus with scattered, corticate isidia and by its small ascomata with inconspicuous columella. The three new species of Fissurina all have 3-septate ascospores and are otherwise characterized by an isidiate thallus and stellate, orange-yellow lirellae (F. aurantiacostellata), a verrucose thallus strongly encrusted with calcium oxalate crystals and white, irregularly branched lirellae (F. crystallifera), and myriotremoid ascomata arranged in short lines (F. monilifera). Ocellularia portoricensis belongs in the core group of Ocellularia and differs from O. cavata in the white medulla and the larger ascospores becoming brown, whereas O. vulcanisorediata produces prominent soralia and immersed ascomata with apically carbonized excipulum and columella and small, transversely septate, hyaline ascospores; it is closely related to O. conformalis. Finally, Thalloloma rubromarginatum resembles T. haemographum in the brownish lirellae with bright red margin but differs from that and other species in the corticate thallus and the norstictic acid chemistry. The new combination Ampliotrema rimosum (Hale) Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen is also proposed. Considering the current biodiversity knowledge on this family, the high level of endemism observed in other groups of organisms in the island, and the relatively high number of Graphidaceae described, it is highly likely that at least some of these new taxa are endemic to the island. This view is further supported by the unique features of several of the new species, representing novel characters in the corresponding genera.
Notes: New (all new species from Puerto Rico): Acanthotrema alboisidiatum Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen, Ampliotrema rimosum (Hale) Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen (≡ Ocellularia rimosa Hale), Borinquenotrema soredicarpum Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen (type B. soredicarpum), B. soredicarpum Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen, Clandestinotrema portoricense Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen, Compositrema borinquense Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen, Co. isidiofarinosum Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen, Fissurina aurantiacostellata Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen, F. crystallifera Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen, F. monilifera Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen, O. portoricensis Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen, O. vulcanisorediata Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen, Paratopeliopsis caraibica Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen (type P. caraibica), P. caraibica Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen, Thalloloma rubromarginatum Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen.
URL: http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.189.1.14
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Keywords: BIODIVERSITY ASCOMYCETES BASIDIOMYCETES MITOSPORIC FUNGI
Abstract: New localities for 8 species of lichens and 12 species of lichenicolous fungi are reported. New to Belarus is Cornutispora lichenicola, to Brazil – Pronectria subimperspicua, to Denmark – Lichenochora obscuroides. Diederichia pseudeverniae, Myriospora heppii and Tremella hypogymniae are reported for the first time for Latvia, Agonimia flabelliformis, Caloplaca chlorina, Chaenotheca laevigata, Cladonia cryptochlorophaea, Lecidea ahlesii, Pertusaria coronata, Polycauliona ucrainica, Pronectria minuta and Rinodina aspersa – for Lithuania, Rhymbocarpus aggregatus – for Lithuania and Portugal. New localities in Italy are reported for Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa, Briancoppinsia cytosora, Cornutispora lichenicola, Diederichia pseudeverniae, in Denmark – for Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum andXanthoriicola physciae.
URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.13158/heia.27.1.2014.193
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Keywords: DIVERSITY LICHENS OCEANIA SOUTH PACIFIC TAXONOMY TROPICAL LICHENS
Abstract: During a field trip to Grande Terre in New Caledonia in 2012, a number of Graphidaceae were collected, among which 23 species that turned out to represent previously undescribed species: Astrochapsa verruculosa Papong, Lücking & Parnmen, differing from A. megaphlyctidioides in the thinner, verrucose thallus and smaller, distinctly chroodiscoid ascomata; Diorygma roseopruinatum Papong, Lücking & Parnmen, similar to D. junghuhnii but with pink-red pruina covering the ascomata along the slit; Fissurina aurantiacolirellata Papong, Lücking & Kraichak, differing from other species of Fissurina in the prominent to sessile ascomata with bright orange pigment; F. fuscoalba Papong, Lücking & Kraichak, superficially resembling F. pseudostromatica but distinguished by the brown, endoperidermal thallus and the distoseptate ascospores; F. stegoboloides Papong, Lücking & Kraichak, with large ascomata with exposed disc resembling a species of Stegobolus; Graphis leptotremoides Papong, Lücking & Kraichak, differing from other species of Graphis in the gall-forming thallus, in combination with immersed, uncarbonized ascomata; G. subelongata Papong, Lücking & Kraichak, related to G. neoelongata but with less branched lirellae with lateral thalline margin and with narrower, submuriform ascospores; Leucodecton pseudostromaticum Papong, Lücking & Lumbsch, differing from L. expallescens in the pseudostromatic ascomata and larger ascospores becoming brown; Ocellularia albocolumellata Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, similar to O. ripleyi but with uncarbonized excipulum and columella and broader pore of the ascomata; O. albothallina Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, differing from O. pluripora in the loosely corticate, whitish thallus and ascomata with broader pore and broad columella; O. austropacifica Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, resembling O. dolichotata but with green, densely corticate thallus and smaller ascospores; O. fuscosporella Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen; differing from O. vizcayensis in the brown ascospores; O. inconspicua Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, akin towards O. pseudopyrenuloides but with ascomata with narrower pore and uncarbonized columella and with broader ascospores; O. neocaledonica Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, differing from O. pluripora in the ligher thallus and lack of secondary substances; O. pulchella Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, resembling Ocellularia mammicula but with green, minutely grainy thallus with columnar clusters of calcium oxalate crystals and with ascomata with narrower, non-annulate pore; O. rugosothallina Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, differing from O. perforata in the carbonized excipulum and columella; O. salmonea Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, similar to O. baileyi in the salmon-pink medulla but with larger ascomata with only partially carbonized excipulum and with larger ascospores; Pseudotopeliopsis longispora Papong, Lücking & Parnmen, differing from other species of Pseudotopeliopsis in the long, transversely septate ascospores; Rhabdodiscus farinosus Papong, Lücking & Parnmen, differing from other species of Rhabdodiscus in the ecorticate, finely farinose and sorediate thallus; R. neocaledonicus Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, similar to R. lankaensis in the salmon-pink ascoma pigment but with submuriform, brown ascospores; R. saxicola Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, growing saxicolous and with pseudostromatic ascomata with broad brown rim and columella contrasting with the light yellowish brown thallus; R. thouvenotii Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, similar to R. saxicola but with larger, more or less solitary ascomata with narrower pore and finger-like columella; and Thelotrema perriei Papong, Lücking & Lumbsch, differing from T. diplotrema in the densely corticate, verrucose thallus and smaller ascospores. The number of new discoveries demonstrates that the South Pacific is a center of diversity of Graphidaceae. We also propose the new combinations Ocellularia mammicula (Hale) Lücking, O. permaculata (Nagarkar & Hale) Lücking and Rhabdodiscus lankaensis (Hale) Lücking.
Notes: New (all new species from New Caledonia): Astrochapsa verruculosa Papong, Lücking & Parnmen, Diorygma roseopruinatum Papong, Lücking & Parnmen, Fissurina aurantiacolirellata Papong, Lücking & Kraichak, F. fuscoalba Papong, Lücking & Kraichak, F. stegoboloides Papong, Lücking & Kraichak, Graphis leptotremoides Papong, Lücking & Kraichak, G. subelongata Papong, Lücking & Kraichak, Leucodecton pseudostromaticum Papong, Lücking & Lumbsch, Ocellularia albocolumellata Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, O. albothallina Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, O. austropacifica Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, O. fuscosporella Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, O. inconspicua Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, O. mammicula (Hale) Lücking (≡ Leptotrema mammiculum Hale), O. permaculata (Nagarkar & Hale) Lücking (≡ Myriotrema permaculatum Nagarkar & Hale), Rhabdodiscus lankaensis (Hale) Lücking (≡ O. lankaensis Hale), O. neocaledonica Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, O. pulchella Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, O. rugosothallina Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, O. salmonea Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, Pseudotopeliopsis longispora Papong, Lücking & Parnmen, Rhabdodiscus farinosus Papong, Lücking & Parnmen, R. neocaledonicus Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, Rhabdodiscus saxicola Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, R. thouvenotii Lücking, Lumbsch & Parnmen, Thelotrema perriei Papong, Lücking & Lumbsch.
URL: http://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.189.1.15
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Abstract: Results from the excursion of the 20th biennial symposium in Vadstena 11–15 August 2013 are presented. Eight localities in and around Vadstena were visited. Forty-three species are reported as new to the province Östergötland [Ostrogothia], three of which are new to the Nordic countries: Lecanora compallens, Polycoccum kerneri and Tremella caloplacae, five are new to Sweden: Cornutispora ciliata, Pyrenula chlorospila, Thelidium cf. rimulosum, Verrucaria ochrostoma and V. polystictoides, and the following are new to Östergötland: Bagliettoa baldensis, B. calciseda, Briancoppinsia cytospora, Calogaya arnoldii ssp. obliterata, Clypeococcum hypocenomycis, Cornutispora lichenicola, Endococcus exerrans, Fuscidea arboricola, Illosporium carneum, Lepraria elobata, L. jackii, L. vouauxii, Leptochidium albociliatum, Lichenoconium lecanorae, Lichenochora weillii, Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum, Micarea byssacea, Monodictys anaptychiae, M. epilepraria, Parmelia serrana, Phaeosporobolus alpinus, Placopyrenium canellum, Porpidia soredizodes, Pyrenidium actinellum, Rinodina turfacea, Stereocaulon rivulorum, Syzygospora physciacearum, Thelenella muscorum, Tremella phaeophysciae, T. ramalinae, Trichonectria rubefaciens, Verrucaria dolosa, V. inaspecta, V. infumata and V. memnonia.
Countries/Continents: Europe/Sweden
URL: http://nhm2.uio.no/botanisk/lav/Graphis/26_1-2/GS_26_15.pdf
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Keywords: LICHENS LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI BIODIVERSITY LIMESTONE PRIMARY MOUNTAIN FORESTS CONSERVATION VALUE CAUCASIAN BIOSHERE RESERVE
Abstract: The lichen flora of the Lagonaki Highland (NW Caucasus) was examined. A list of 677 species, including 610 lichenized fungi, 60 lichenicolous fungi and 7 non-lichenized saprophytic fungi, is presented based on the authors' original observations. Locality and substrate data are additionally given. 491 species are recorded from the Lagonaki Highland for the first time. 125 species are new records for the Russian Caucasus, including 112 not previously recorded from the Greater Caucasus. Thirty-six species are reported from Russia for the first time: Alyxoria variaeformis, Anema tumidulum, Arthonia calcicola, Arthothelium orbilliferum, Bacidia coprodes, Biatora veteranorum, Calicium victorianum, Caloplaca rouxii, C. schoeferi, Candelariella oleaginescens, Didymellopsis pulposi, Endococcus pseudocarpus, Farnoldia muscigena, Fulgensia fulgida, Gyalecta thelotremella, Lecania coeruleorubella, Lecanora reuteri, Lichenochora wasseri, Lobothallia cheresina, Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum, Niesslia peltigericola, Opegrapha rotunda, Physcia erumpens, Placidiopsis tiroliensis, Placynthium posterulum, Polysporina cyclocarpa, Rinodina furfuracea, R. luridata, Scoliciosporum schadeanum, Stigmidium eucline, S. lecidellae, Verrucaria mortarii, V. ochrostoma, Verrucula elegantaria, Vezdaea stipitata. The ecology of some interesting species and the conservation status of the lichen flora in the study region are discussed. The flora contains some interesting indicators of long ecological continuity of the forests.
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Keywords: BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT LICHENS NEW SPECIES TROPICAL DIVERSITY WESTERN GHATS
Abstract: Based on further study of collections of Graphidaceae originating from Sri Lanka, thirteen new species are described: Acanthothecis aurantiacodiscus G. Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, differing from A. socotrana in the corticate thallus, larger and broader ascomata with orange disc, and larger ascospores; Chapsa isidiata G. Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, characterized by a yellowish, isidiate thallus; Halegrapha masoniana G. Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, differing from other species of Halegrapha in the combination of inspersed hymenium and norstictic acid chemistry, as well as the comparatively large ascospores; Leucodecton canescens G. Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, with grey thallus and rather large, black-rimmed ascoma pores; L. fuscomarginatum G. Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, differing from L. coppinsii in the immersed ascomata and larger ascospores; Ocellularia aptrootiana G. Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, differing from O. pluriporoides in the less prominent, regularly rounded ascomata with broad white rim, the brown (uncarbonized) columella, and the smaller ascospores; O. balangoda G. Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, differing from O. mauritiana in the more regular, apically carbonized columella; O. cloonanii G. Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, differing from O. pluripora in the ascomata with broader pore, the apically carbonized columella, and the larger ascospores; O. raveniana G. Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, differing from O. laeviuscula in the distinct columella and the hyaline, transversely septate ascospores; Platythecium sripadakandense G. Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, with pseudostromatic lirellae and norstictic acid chemistry; Rhabdodiscus isidiatus G. Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, characterized by a cream-white thallus with robust isidia and by small, 3-septate ascospores; R. parnmenianus G. Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, with immersed, annulate ascomata and submuriform, hyaline ascospores; and Thalloloma pedespulli G. Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, differing from T. haemographum in the larger ascospores. The new combination Leucodecton coppinsii (Homchant.) G. Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch is also proposed. The considerable diversity of Graphidaceae in Sri Lanka is placed into perspective given the destruction of most of the natural rain forest habitats typical for this family and many other organisms.
Countries/Continents: Sri Lanka/Asia
Notes: New (all from Sri Lanka): Acanthothecis aurantiacodiscus G.Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, Chapsa isidiata G.Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, Halegrapha masoniana G.Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, Leucodecton canescens G.Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, L. fuscomarginatum G.Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, Ocellularia aptrootiana G.Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, O. balangoda G.Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, O. cloonanii G.Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, O. raveniana G.Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, Platythecium sripadakandense G.Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, Rhabdodiscus isidiatus G.Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, R. parnmenianus G.Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, Thalloloma pedespulli G.Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch.
URL: http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.189.1.24
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Keywords: BIODIVERSITY BIOGEOGRAPHY TAXONOMY ECOLOGY ASIA
Abstract: One hundred species of lichenicolous fungi are reported from Northwest Caucasus; 64 of them are new to the Caucasus. Hainesia aeruginascens, H. brevicladoniae, Minutoexcipula calatayudii, Neobarya peltigerae, Opegrapha anomea, O. rotunda, Polycoccum arnoldii, P. kaernefeltii, Pronectria echinulata and P. santessonii are newly reported for Asia and Russia. Abrothallus cetrariae, Pyrenochaeta xanthoriae, Taeniolella delicata, Trichonectria anisospora and Zwackhiomyces echinulatus are new to Asia, but not Russia. Cercidospora melanophthalmae, Lichenostigma rupicolae, Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum and Stigmidium xanthoparmeliarum are new to Russia, but not Asia. Endococcus incrassatus and Xanthoriicola physciae are new to Asian Russia. Lichenochora rinodinae is first reported from outside the Arctic. Finds of specimens presumably belonging to the insufficiently known species Merismatium cladoniicola, Phacopsis usneae and Sphaerellothecium gowardii are discussed. Dactylospora deminuta is newly reported on Gyalecta foveolaris and Fuscopannaria praetermissa, Neobarya peltigerae on Peltigera polydactylon and Taeniolella delicata on Lecanora intumescens. Nephroma is a new host genus for Paranectria oropensis and Caloplaca for Polycoccum kaernefeltii.
Countries/Continents: Europe/Asia/Russia
Notes: 100 species are reported, many new reports for different regions.
URL: http://www.blam-hp.eu/herzogia27_abstracts.html
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Keywords: ATLANTIC RAIN FOREST ANISOMERIDIUM CAATINGA PERNAMBUCO PYRENULA SERGIPE THELENELLA
Abstract: Ten corticolous pyrenocarpous lichens are newly described from different forest biomes in NE Brazil. All were collected in the past two years in Atlantic rain forest or Caatinga vegetation in Pernambuco or Sergipe. The following species are described: Anisomeridium globosum, Pyrenula abditicarpa, P. albonigra, P. aurantiacorubra, P. celaticarpa, P. cinnabarina, P. inspersicollaris, P. musaespora, P. rubrolateralis, and Thelenella lateralis.
Countries/Continents: South America/Brazil
Notes: NewAnisomeridium globosum Aptroot, D.S. Andrade & M. Cáceres, Pyrenula abditicarpa Aptroot & M. Cáceres, P. albonigra Aptroot, D.S. Andrade & M. Cáceres, P. aurantiacorubra Aptroot & M. Cáceres, P. celaticarpa A. Aptroot & M. Cáceres, P. cinnabarina Aptroot, E.L. Lima & M. Cáceres, P. inspersicollaris Aptroot & M. Cáceres, P. musaespora Aptroot & M. Cáceres, P. rubrolateralis Aptroot & M. Cáceres, Thelenella lateralis Aptroot & M. Cáceres.
URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.197.3.3
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Keywords: ANTARCTIC LICHENS LICHENIZED MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS PHOTOSYNTHESIS TREBOUXIA
Abstract: Lichens, as typical obligate associations between lichenized fungi and their photosynthetic partners, are dominant in Antarctica. Three Antarctic lichens, Ochrolechia frigida, Umbilicaria antarctica, and Usnea aurantiacoatra with different growth forms, were sampled nearby the Great Wall Station, King George Island. Molecular data revealed that the photosynthetic algae in these three lichens were Trebouxia jamesii. The net photo− synthesis (Pn) of three individuals from these species, together with environmental factors such as light and temperature, were recorded by CO2 gas exchange measurements using a CI−340 portable photosynthetic system in situ. Differences between T(leaf) (the temperature of the thalli) and T(air) (the air temperature) for these lichens were not consistent, which reflected that environment and the growth form of thalli could affect T(leaf) significantly. Strong irradiation was expected to have adverse effects on Pn of Ochrolechia frigida and Umbilicaria antarctica whose thalli spread flat; but this photoinhibition had little effect on Usnea aurantiacoatra with exuberant tufted thallus. These results indicated that photosynthetic activity in lichens was affected by the growth forms of thalli besides microhabitat factors. One species of lichenized alga could exhibit diversified types of photosynthetic behavior when it was associated with various lichenized fungi in different microhabitats. It will be helpful for understanding how lichens are able to adapt to and colonize in extreme environments.
URL: http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/popore.2015.36.issue-2/popore-2015-0012/popore-2015-0012.xml
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Keywords: SCHEDA
Abstract: The 9th fascicle (30 numbers) of the exsiccata 'Lichenicolous Biota' is published. The issue contains material of 20 nonlichenized fungal taxa (14 teleomorphs of ascomycetes, 4 anamorphic states of ascomycetes, 2 anamorphic states of basidiomycetes) and 9 lichenized as comycetes, including paratype material of Dimelaena lichenicola K.Knudsen et al. (no 223), Miriquidica invadens Hafellner et al. (no 226, 227), and Stigmidium xanthoparmeliarum Hafellner (no 210). Furthermore, collections of the type species of the following genera are distributed: Illosporiopsis (I. christiansenii), Illosporium (I. carneum), Marchandiomyces (M. corallinus), Marchandiobasidium (M. aurantiacum, sub Erythricium aurantiacum), Microcalicium (M. disseminatum), Nigropuncta (N. rugulosa), Paralecanographa (P. grumulosa), Phaeopyxis (P. punctum), Placocarpus (P. schaereri), Rhagadostoma (R. lichenicola), and Stigmidium (S. schaereri).
URL: https://static.uni-graz.at/fileadmin/nawi-institute/Botanik/Fritschiana/fritschiana-80/hafellner-2015-lichenicolous-biota-nos-201-230.pdf
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Abstract: The 9th fascicle (30numbers) of the exsiccata 'Lichenicolous Biota' is published. The issue contains material of 20 non-lichenized fungal taxa (14 teleomorphs of ascomycetes, 4 anamorphic states of ascomycetes, 2 anamorphic states of basidiomycetes) and 9 lichenized ascomycetes , including paratype material of Dimelaena lichenicola K.Knudsen et al. (no 223), Miriquidica invadens Hafellner et al. (no 226, 227), and Stigmidium xanthoparmeliarum Hafellner (no 210).Furthermore, collections of the type species of the following genera are distributed:Illosporiopsis (I. christiansenii), Illosporium (I. carneum), Marchandiomyces (M. corallinus), Marchandiobasidium (M. aurantiacum,sub Erythricium aurantiacum), Microcalicium (M. disseminatum), Nigropuncta (N. rugulosa), Paralecanographa (P. grumulosa), Phaeopyxis (P. punctum), Placocarpus (P. schaereri), Rhagadostoma (R. lichenicola), and Stigmidium (S. schaereri).
URL: http://static.uni-graz.at/fileadmin/nawi-institute/Botanik/Fritschiana/fritschiana-80/hafellner-2015-lichenicolous-biota-nos-201-230.pdf
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Keywords: MARITIME ANTARCTICA LICHENS USNEA ECOPHYSIOLOGY MICROCLIMATE
Abstract: The factors that control lichen distribution in Antarctica are still not well understood, and in this investigation we focused on the distribution, local and continental, and gas exchange of a species pair, closely related lichens with differing reproductive strategies, Usnea aurantiaco-atra (fertile) and Usnea antarctica (sterile, sorediate). The local distributions of these species were recorded along an altitudinal gradient of nearly 300 m at South Bay, Livingston Island, and microclimate was also recorded over 1 year. The photosynthetic responses to temperature, light and thallus water content were determined under controlled conditions in the laboratory. The species were almost identical in their photosynthetic profiles. Locally, on Livingston Island, U. antarctica was confined to low altitude sites which were warmer and drier, whilst U. aurantiaco-atra was present at all altitudes. This contrasts with its distribution across Antarctica where U. antarctica grows 9° latitude further south than U. aurantiaco-atra. Temperature appears not to be the main controller of distribution in these species, but dryness of habitat, which will influence length of activity periods, may be important.
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00300-015-1832-7
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Keywords: ANTARCTIC PENINSULA DISTRIBUTION LICHENISED FUNGI SOUTH SHETLANDS ISLAND TAXONOMY
Abstract: Recent collections from King George Island, Deception Island and the Antarctic Peninsula provide evidence of the presence of previously unrecorded lichen taxa in the Antarctic flora. Parmelia sulcata, previously cited for South Georgia, and Usnea neuropogonoides are recorded for the first time from maritime Antarctica. The distributions of Psoroma buchananii and U. acromelana are extended to the Antarctic Peninsula and to Deception Island, respectively. The taxonomic position of an abnormal form of U. aurantiaco-atra is discussed.
URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0028825X.2015.1057185
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Keywords: ANTARCTICA ECOLOGY EXTREMOPHILES FUNGI LICHENSPHERE SYMBIOSIS
Abstract: We surveyed the diversity, distribution and ecology of non-lichenised fungal communities associated with the Antarctic lichens Usnea antarctica and Usnea aurantiaco-atra across Antarctica. The phylogenetic study of the 438 fungi isolates identified 74 taxa from 21 genera of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota. The most abundant taxa were Pseudogymnoascus sp., Thelebolus sp., Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus and Cryptococcus victoriae, which are considered endemic andor highly adapted to Antarctica. Thirty-five fungi may represent new andor endemic species. The fungal communities displayed high diversity, richness and dominance indices; however, the similarity among the communities was variable. After discovering rich and diverse fungal communities composed of symbionts, decomposers, parasites and endemic and cold-adapted cosmopolitan taxa, we introduced the term “lichensphere”. We hypothesised that the lichensphere may represent a protected natural microhabitat with favourable conditions able to help non-lichenised fungi and other Antarctic life forms survive and disperse in the extreme environments of Antarctica.
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00792-015-0781-y
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Abstract: A revisionary synopsis is presented for the family Trypetheliaceae, based on a separately published phylogenetic analysis of a large number of species, morpho-anatomical and chemical study of extensive material, and revision of numerous type specimens. A total of 418 species is formally accepted in this synopsis, distributed among 15 genera as follows: Aptrootia (3), Architrypethelium (7), Astrothelium (242), Bathelium (16), Bogoriella (29), Constrictolumina (9), Dictyomeridium (7), Distothelia (3), Marcelaria (3), Nigrovothelium (2), Novomicrothelia (1), Polymeridium (50), Pseudopyrenula (20), Trypethelium (16), and Viridothelium (10). All accepted genera, including new genera described separately in this issue, are keyed out and briefly described and discussed, and keys are provided for all accepted species within each genus. Entries with full synonymy and brief descriptions, and in part also discussions, are provided for all accepted species, except those newly described elsewhere in this issue, which are cross-referenced in the corresponding keys. The description of the newly defined genera takes into account phylogeny in combination with morpho-anatomical features with the result that they are mostly recognizable by a combination of thallus, ascoma and ascospore features. Most species previously assigned to the genera Astrothelium, Campylothelium, Cryptothelium, and Trypethelium, based on a schematic concept of ascoma morphology and ascospore septation, are now included in a single genus, Astrothelium, with highly variable ascoma morphology and ascospore septation but invariably with astrothelioid ascospores (at least when young), that is diamond-shaped lumina, and a well-developed, corticate, usually olive-green thallus that often covers the ascomata. While the genera Aptrootia (large, brown, muriform ascospores), Architrypethelium (large, mostly 3-septate ascospores), and Pseudopyrenula (ecorticate, white thalli and astrothelioid ascospores) are maintained, Trypethelium is redefined to include species with raised, pseudostromatic ascomata and multiseptate ascospores with thin septa. The sister group of Trypethelium is the genus Marcelaria, with brightly coloured pseudostromata and muriform ascospores. Bathelium is now limited to species with strongly raised, fully exposed pseudostromata and septate to muriform ascospores with thin septa. Several genera are recognized for more basal lineages with mostly ecorticate, white thalli and solitary, exposed ascomata previously assigned to Arthopyrenia, Mycomicrothelia and Polymeridium, viz. Bogoriella, Constrictolumina, Dictyomeridium, and Novomicrothelia. In addition, separate genera are accepted for the Trypethelium tropicum (Nigrovothelium) and T. virens (Viridothelium) groups. In addition, a refined species concept resulting from phylogenetic studies is employed which pays particular attention to morphological features of the thallus and ascomata. Of a total of 526 names checked, 107 remain synonyms of accepted names and a further eight are newly excluded from the family. Based on these redispositions, the following 146 new combinations are proposed, including reinstatement of numerous names previously subsumed into synonymy: Architrypethelium columbianum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. grande (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., Astrothelium aeneum (Eschw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. alboverrucum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. amazonum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. ambiguum (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. andamanicum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot comb. nov., A. annulare (Spreng.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. aurantiacum (Makhija & Patw) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. auratum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. aureomaculatum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. basilicum (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. bicolor (Taylor) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. buckii (R. C. Harris) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. calosporum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. cartilagineum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. cecidiogenum (Aptroot & Lücking) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. ceratinum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. chapadense (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. chrysoglyphum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. chrysostomum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. cinereorosellum (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. cinereum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. et stat. nov., A. confluens (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. consimile (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. deforme (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. defossum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. degenerans (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. dissimilum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. effusum (Aptroot & Sipman) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. endochryseum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. exostemmatis (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. feei (C. F. W. Meissn.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. ferrugineum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. galligenum (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. gigantosporum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. indicum (Upreti & Ajay Singh) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. infossum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. infuscatulum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. irregulare (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. keralense (Upreti & Ajay Singh) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. kunzei (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. leioplacum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. lugescens (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. luridum (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. macrocarpum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. macrosporum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. marcidum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. megaleium (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. megalophthalmum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. megalostomum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. megaspermum (Mont.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. meiophorum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. meristosporoides (P. M. McCarthy & Vongshew.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. meristosporum (Mont. & Bosch) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. neogalbineum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. nigratum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. et stat. nov., A. nigrorufum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. nitidiusculum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. octosporum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. oligocarpum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. olivaceofuscum (Zenker) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. papillosum (P. M. McCarthy) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. papulosum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. peranceps (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. phaeothelium (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. phlyctaenua (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. porosum (Ach.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. praetervisum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. pseudoplatystomum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. pseudovariatum (Upreti & Ajay Singh) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. puiggarii (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. pulcherrimum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. pupula (Ach.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. purpurascens (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. pustulatum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. rufescens (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. et stat. nov., A. sanguinarium (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. santessonii (Letr.-Gal.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. saxicola (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. scoria (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. scorizum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. sierraleonense (C. W. Dodge) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. sikkimense (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. spectabile (Aptroot & Ferraro) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. sphaerioides (Mont.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. stramineum (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. straminicolor (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. subcatervarium (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. subdiscretum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. subdisjunctum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. subdissocians (Nyl. ex Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. et stat. nov., A. superbum (Fr.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. tenue (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. thelotremoides (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. trypethelizans (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. tuberculosum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. ubianense (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. variatum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., A. vezdae (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., Bathelium austroafricanum (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. nigroporum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., Bogoriella alata (Groenh. ex Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. annonacea (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. apposita (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. captiosa (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. collospora (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. confluens (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. conothelena (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. decipiens (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. exigua (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. fumosula (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. hemisphaerica (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. lateralis (Sipman) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. leuckertii (D. Hawksw. & J. C. David) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. macrocarpa (Komposch, Aptroot & Hafellner) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. megaspora (Aptroot & M. Cáceres) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. miculiformis (Nyl. ex Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. minutula (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. modesta (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. nonensis (Stirt.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. obovata (Stirt.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. pachytheca (Sacc. & Syd.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. punctata (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. queenslandica (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. socialis (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. striguloides (Sérus. & Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. subfallens (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. thelena (Ach.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. triangularis (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., B. xanthonica (Komposch, Aptroot & Hafellner) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., Constrictolumina esenbeckiana (Fée) Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot comb. nov., C. leucostoma (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot comb. nov., C. lyrata (R. C. Harris) Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot comb. nov., C. majuscula (Nyl.) Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot comb. nov., C. malaccitula (Nyl.) Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot comb. nov., C. porospora (Vain.) Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot comb. nov., Dictyomeridium amylosporum (Vain.) Aptroot, M. P. Nelsen & Lücking comb. nov., D. campylothelioides (Aptroot & Sipman) Aptroot, M. P. Nelsen & Lücking comb. nov., D. immersum (Aptroot, A. A. Menezes & M. Cáceres) Aptroot, M. P. Nelsen & Lücking comb. nov., D. isohypocrellinum (Xavier-Leite, M. Cáceres & Aptroot) Aptroot, M. P. Nelsen & Lücking comb. nov., D. paraproponens (Aptroot, M. Cáceres & E. L. Lima) Aptroot, M. P. Nelsen & Lücking comb. nov., Distothelia rubrostoma (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., Phyllobathelium chlorogastricum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., Pseudopyrenula cubana (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., Viridothelium cinereoglaucescens (Vain.) Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot comb. nov., V. indutum (Stirt.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov., and V. megaspermum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking comb. nov. In addition, six replacement names are proposed: Astrothelium campylocartilagineum Aptroot & Lücking nom. nov., A. grossoides Aptroot & Lücking nom. nov., A. octosporoides Aptroot & Lücking nom. nov., A. scoriothelium Aptroot & Lücking nom. nov., A. pyrenastrosulphureum Aptroot & Lücking nom. nov., and Bathelium pruinolucens Aptroot & Lücking nom. et stat. nov. Along with this, 57 lectotypes are newly designated. Most species (392 out of 418) are illustrated, with a total of 697 images in 59 plates, including 406 type specimens. Where appropriate, taxa are briefly discussed. New country or continental records are listed for many species in their revised circumscription. A checklist of taxa described or placed in genera belonging in Trypetheliaceae but previously excluded from the family, and their current names, is also provided.
Notes: New: Architrypethelium columbianum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Trypethelium columbianum Nyl.; lectotypified), Ar. grande (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ascidium grande Kremp.; lectotypified), Astrothelium aeneum (Eschw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Verrucaria aenea Eschw.), As. alboverrucum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Laurera alboverruca Makhija & Patw.), As. amazonum (R.C.Harris) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Cryptothelium amazonum R.C.Harris), As. ambiguum (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. ambigua Malme), As. andamanicum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot (≡ Cr. andamanicum Makhija & Patw.), As. annulare (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Pyrenula annularis Fée), As. aurantiacum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. aurantiaca Makhija & Patw.), As. auratum (R.C.Harris) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. aurata R.C.Harris), As. aureomaculatum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Pseudopyrenula aureomaculata Vain.), As. basilicum (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. basilica Kremp.), As. bicolor (Taylor) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. bicolor Taylor), As. buckii (R.C.Harris) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Trypethelium buckii R.C.Harris), As. calosporum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ps. calospora Müll.Arg.), As. campylocartilagineum Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Campylothelium cartilagineum Vain.), As. cartilagineum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Py. cartilaginea Fée), As. cecidiogenum (Aptroot & Lücking) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Cr. cecidiogenum Aptroot & Lücking), As. ceratinum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Py. ceratina Fée), As. chapadense (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. chapadensis Malme), As. chrysoglyphum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Thelenella chrysoglypha Vain.), As. chrysostomum (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. chrysostomum Kremp.; lectotypified), As. cinereorosellum (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. cinereorosellum Kremp.), As. cinereum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Heufleria praetervisa var. cinerea Müll.Arg.), As. confluens (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ H. confluens Müll.Arg.; lectotypified), As. consimile (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ H. consimilis Müll.Arg.), As. deforme (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. deforme Fée; lectotypified); As. defossum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ H. defossa Müll.Arg.), As. degenerans (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ps. degenerans Vain.), As. dissimilum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. dissimilum Makhija & Patw.), As. effusum (Aptroot & Sipman) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. effusa Aptroot & Sipman), As. endochryseum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ps. endochrysea Vain.), As. exostemmatis (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Bathelium exostemmatis Müll.Arg.), As. feei (C.F.W.Meissn.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. feei C.F.W. Meissn.), As. ferrugineum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. ferrugineum Müll.Arg.; lectotypified), As. galligenum (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. galligenum Aptroot), As. gigantosporum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ba. gigantosporum Müll. Arg.), As. grossoides Aptroot & Lücking nom. nov. pro. Tr. grossum Müll. Arg. non A. grossum Müll.Arg., As. indicum (Upreti & Ajay Singh) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. indica Upreti & Ajay Singh), As. infossum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. infossa Nyl.), As. infuscatulum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. infuscatulum Müll.Arg.), As. irregulare (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ba. irregulare Müll.Arg.), As. keralense (Upreti & Ajay Singh) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. keralensis Upreti & Ajay Singh), As. kunzei (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. kunzei Fée), As. leioplacum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Clathroporina leioplaca Müll. Arg.), As. lugescens (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. lugescens Nyl), As. luridum (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. luridum Zahlbr.), As. macrocarpum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Porina macrocarpa Fée), As. macrosporum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. macrosporum Makhija & Patw.), As. marcidum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Py. marcida Fée), As. megaleium (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. megaleium Kremp.), As. megalophthalmum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. megalophthalmum Müll.Arg.), As. megalostomum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ H. megalostoma Vain.), As. megaspermum (MonTr.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. megaspermum MonTr.), As. meiophorum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. annulare var. meiophorum Nyl.; lectotypified), As. meristosporoides (P.M.McCarthy & Vongshew.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. meristosporoides P.M.McCarthy & Vongshew.), As. meristosporum (MonTr. & Bosch) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. meristosporum MonTr. & Bosch), As. neogalbineum (R.C.Harris) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. neogalbineum R.C.Harris), As. nigratum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ As. minus var. nigratum Müll.Arg.), As. nigrorufum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. nigrorufum Makhija & Patw.), As. nitidiusculum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. nitidiuscula Nyl.), As. octosporoides Aptroot & Lücking nom. nov. pro. Ba. octosporum Zahlbr. non As. octosporum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking, As. octosporum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ H. octospora Vain.), As. oligocarpum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. oligocarpum Müll. Arg.; lectotypified), As. olivaceofuscum (Zenker) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. olivaceofuscum Zenker), As. papillosum (P.M.McCarthy) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. papillosa P.M.McCarthy), As. papulosum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. papulosa Nyl.), As. peranceps (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. peranceps Kremp.), As. phaeothelium (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. phaeothelium Nyl.), As. phlyctaena (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. phlyctaena Fée; lectotypified), As. porosum (Ach.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. porosum Ach.), As. praetervisum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ H. praetervisa Müll. Arg.), As. pseudoplatystomum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. pseudoplatystomum Makhija & Patw.), As. pseudovariatum (Upreti & Ajay Singh) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. pseudovariata Upreti & Ajay Singh), As. puiggarii (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ca. puiggarii Müll.Arg.), As. pulcherrimum (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. pulcherrimum Fée; lectotypified), As. pupula (Ach.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Py. pupula Ach.), As. purpurascens (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ H. purpurascens Müll. Arg.), As. pustulatum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ps. pustulata Vain.), As. pyrenastrosulphureum Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Pyrenastrum sulphureum Eschw.), As. rufescens (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. catervarium var. rufescens Müll.Arg.; lectotypified), As. sanguinarium (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. sanguinaria Malme; lectotypified), As. santessonii (LeTr.-Gal.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. santessonii LeTr.-Gal.), As. saxicola (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Cr. saxicola Malme), As. scoria (Fée) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. scoria Fée), As. scoriothelium Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. scorioides Leight.), As. scorizum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. scorizum Müll.Arg.), As. sierraleonense (C.W.Dodge) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tremotylium sierraleonense C.W.Dodge), As. sikkimense (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. sikkimensis Makhija & Patw.), As. spectabile (Aptroot & Ferraro) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. spectabile Aptroot & Ferraro), As. sphaerioides (Mont.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. sphaerioides Mont.; lectotypified); As. stramineum (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Th. straminea Malme), As. straminicolor (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. straminicolor Nyl.), As. subcatervarium (Malme) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. subcatervarium Malme), As. subdiscretum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. subdiscretum Nyl.), As. subdisjunctum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Bottaria subdisjuncta Müll.Arg.), As. subdissocians (Nyl. ex Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ps. ochroleuca var. subdissocians Nyl. ex Vain.), As. superbum (Fr.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. superbum Fr.), As. tenue (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ca. tenue Aptroot), As. thelotremoides (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. thelotremoides Nyl.; lectotypified); As. trypethelizans (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. trypethelizans Nyl.), As. tuberculosum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ps. annularis var. tuberculosa Vain.), As. ubianense (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ps. ubianensis Vain.), As. variatum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. variatum Nyl.), As. vezdae (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ L. vezdana Makhija & Patw.), Ba. austroafricanum (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. austroafricanum Zahlbr.), Ba. nigroporum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. nigroporum Makhija & Patw.), Ba. pruinolucens Aptroot & Lücking nom. nov. pro. L. madreporiformis var. pruinosa Malme non Ba. pruinosum Flakus, Kukwa & Aptroot, Bogoriella alata (Groenh. ex Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mycomicrothelia alata Groenh. ex Aptroot), Bog. annonacea (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Microthelia annonacea Müll.Arg.), Bog. apposita (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. apposita Nyl.), Bog. captiosa (Kremp.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. captiosa Kremp.), Bog. collospora (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Py. collospora Vain.), Bog. confluens (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Microthelia confluens Müll.Arg.), Bog. conothelena (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. conothelena Nyl.), Bog. decipiens (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Anthracothecium decipiens Müll.Arg.), Bog. exigua (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. exigua Müll.Arg.), Bog. fumosula (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. fumosula Zahlbr.), Bog. hemisphaerica (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. hemisphaerica Müll.Arg.), Bog. lateralis (Sipman) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. lateralis Sipman), Bog. leuckertii (D.Hawksw. & J.C.David) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. leuckertii D.Hawksw. & J.C.David), Bog. macrocarpa (Komposch, Aptroot & Hafellner) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. macrocarpa Komposch, Aptroot & Hafellner), Bog. megaspora (Aptroot & M.Cáceres) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. megaspora Aptroot & M.Cáceres), Bog. miculiformis (Nyl. ex Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. miculiformis Nyl. ex Müll.Arg.), Bog. minutula (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. minutula Zahlbr.), Bog. modesta (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. modesta Müll.Arg.), Bog. nonensis (Stirt.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. nonensis Stirt.), Bog. obovata (Stirt.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. obovata Stirt.), Bog. pachytheca (Sacc. & Syd.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Didymosphaeria pachytheca Sacc. & Syd.), Bog. punctata (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. punctata Aptroot), Bog. queenslandica (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. queenslandica Müll.Arg.), Bog. socialis (Zahlbr.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. socialis Zahlbr.), Bog. striguloides (Sérus. & Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. striguloides Sérus. & Aptroot), Bog. subfallens (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Mi. subfallens Müll.Arg.), Bog. thelena (Ach.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Ve. thelena Ach.), Bog. triangularis (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. triangularis Aptroot), Bog. xanthonica (Komposch, Aptroot & Hafellner) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. xanthonica Komposch, Aptroot & Hafellner), Constrictolumina esenbeckiana (Fée) Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Aptroot (≡ Melanotheca esenbeckiana Fée), Co. leucostoma (Müll.Arg.) Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Aptroot (≡ Tomasellia leucostoma Müll.Arg.), Co. lyrata (R.C.Harris) Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Aptroot (≡ Ar. lyrata R.C.Harris), Co. majuscula (Nyl.) Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Aptroot (≡ Ve. majuscula Nyl.; lectotypified), Co. malaccitula (Nyl.) Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Aptroot (≡ Ve. malaccitula Nyl.), Co. porospora (Vain.) Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Aptroot (≡ Ar. porospora Vain.), Dictyomeridium amylosporum (Vain.) Aptroot, M.P.Nelsen & Lücking (≡ Th. amylospora Vain.), Dic. campylothelioides (Aptroot & Sipman) Aptroot, M.P.Nelsen & Lücking (≡ Polymeridium campylothelioides Aptroot & Sipman), Dic. immersum (Aptroot, A.A.Menezes & M.Cáceres) Aptroot, M.P.Nelsen & Lücking (≡ Po. immersum Aptroot, A.A.Menezes & M.Cáceres), Dic. isohypocrellinum (Xavier-Leite et al.) Aptroot, M.P.Nelsen & Lücking (≡ Po. isohypocrellinum Xavier-Leite et al.), Di. paraproponens (Aptroot, et al.) Aptroot, M.P.Nelsen & Lücking (≡ Po. paraproponens Aptroot et al.), Distothelia rubrostoma (Aptroot) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ My. rubrostoma Aptroot), Phyllobathelium chlorogastricum (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ H. chlorogastrica Müll.Arg.), Ps. cubana (Müll.Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Plagiotrema cubanum Müll.Arg.; lectotypified), Viridothelium cinereoglaucescens (Vain.) Lücking, M.P. Nelsen & Aptroot (≡ Ps. cinereoglaucescens Vain.), Vi. indutum (StirTr.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Tr. indutum StirTr.), Vi. megaspermum (Makhija & Patw.) Aptroot & Lücking (≡ Pleurotrema megaspermum Makhija & Patw.). Additional names newly lectotypified: Arthopyrenia planior Müll.Arg., Ar. planorbiculata Müll.Arg., Ar. subimitans Müll.Arg., Astrothelium acroleucum Malme, As. conicum var. pallidum Müll.Arg., As. fallax Müll.Arg., As. ochrothelioides Vain., Clathroporina irregularis Müll.Arg., Didymella gigantea Räsänen, Parathelium superans Müll.Arg., Pseudopyrenula flavicans Müll.Arg.. Ps. porinoides Müll.Arg., Trypethelium eluteriae var. endochlorum Müll.Arg., Tr. eluteriae var. polystomum Malme, Tr. eluteriae var. truncatum Müll.Arg., Tr. ferrugineum var. inornatum Müll.Arg., Tr. foveolatum Müll.Arg., Tr. insigne Müll.Arg., Tr. leprosum Müll.Arg., Tr. leucostomum Kremp., Tr. madreporiforme Eschw., Tr. mastoideum var. macerum Müll.Arg., Tr. ochroleucum var. depauperatum Müll.Arg., Tr. ochroleucum var. effusum Müll.Arg., Tr. platystomum var. denudatum Malme, Tr. polychroum Müll.Arg., Tr. quassiicola Fée, Tr. subalbens Nyl., Tr. uberinoides Nyl., Tr. virginicum Müll.Arg., Verrucaria catapasta Nyl., Ve. diffluens Nyl., Ve. heterochroa Mont, Ve. subcinerea Nyl., Ve. suffusa Knight, Ve. tristis Hepp.
URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/lichenologist/article/div-classtitlea-revisionary-synopsis-of-the-span-classitalictrypetheliaceaespan-ascomycota-span-classitalictrypethelialesspandiv/AD99942BBB1B31F769F4B4DD912ECE6C
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Abstract: One hundred lichenicolous fungi and 48 lichenized ascomycetes are reported for the first time from Madeira. Among them 35 lichenicolous taxa are first records in Macaronesia (Abrothallus suecicus, Arthonia columbiana, Bloxamia leucophthalma, Capronia epilobarina, Cladophialophora parmeliae, Chalara lobariae, Didymocyrtis foliaceiphila, D. slaponiensis, Endococcus propinquus, E. verrucisporus, Endophragmiella franconica, Epibryon conductrix, Epicladonia stenospora, Intralichen lichenum, Leptosphaerulina peltigerae, Lichenoconium cargillianum, L. follmannii, Lichenostigma chlaroterae, Niesslia peltigeriicola, Phaeospora parasitica, Phoma peltigerae, Polycoccum alboatrum, P. decolorans, P. deformans, Pronectria anisospora, P. leptogii, Skyttea megalosporae, Sphaerellothecium cladoniae, Stigmidium degelii, S. lobariae, S. peltidae, Trichonectria australis, Tubeufia heterodermiae, Xenonectriella aurantiaca, Zwackhiomyces kiszkianus); seven taxa are reported for the first time from Europe (Abrothallus usneae var. tetraspora, Llimoniella pertusariae, Opegrapha melanospila, Stromatopogon geminatum, Trichonectria usneicola, Xenonectriella rosea, and Zwackhiomyces kantvilasii). The lichenicolous fungi Arthonia griseopruinosa, A. leucomelodis, Opegrapha hafellneri, Pronectria neofissuriprodiens, Stigmidium parmotrematis, and S. placopsidis are described as new for science. The new combination Zwackhiomacromyces hyalosporum is proposed. Among 48 taxa of lichens new for Madeira 14 are first records from Macaronesia (Catapyenium daedaleum, Collemopsidium sublitorale, Dermatocarpon rivulorum, Ionaspis lacustris, Leptogium plicatile, L. tenuissimum, Lichenomphalia umbellifera, Melaspilea proximella, Polysporina simplex, Pseudosagedia globulans, P. interjungens, Rhizocarpon simillimum, Sporodictyon cruentum, Thelenella modesta); two lichens are new for Europe (Bacidina crystallifera, Malmidea fuscella). We succeeded to locate some amphibious lichen associations not known until now in Madeira.
Countries/Continents: Spain/Europe
Notes: New (all new taxa from Spain): Arthonia griseopruinosa F.Berger & E.Zimm. (on Pertusaria pseudocorallina), A. leucomelodis F.Berger & E.Zimm. (on Heterodermia leucomelos), Opegrapha hafellneri E.Zimm., Etayo & F.Berger (on Placopsis gelida), Pronectria neofissuriprodiens F.Berger & E.Zimm. (on Lobaria pulmonaria f. papillaris), Stigmidium parmotrematis F.Berger & E.Zimm. (on Parmotrema reticulatum), S. placopsidis E.Zimm. & F.Berger (on P. gelida), Zwackhiomacromyces hyalosporus (Alstrup, D.Hawksw. & R.Sant.) Etayo & F.Berger (≡ Pyrenidium hyalosporum Alstrup, D.Hawksw. & R.Sant.).
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Keywords: AEGEAN ISLANDS AEGINA ATTICA KOS LESVOS LICHENS PAROS PELOPONNESE RHODES
Abstract: Seventy six taxa are reported from 20 localities in Greece. Six taxa are new to Attica (Caloplaca herbidella, Cladonia foliacea, C. subrangiformis, Fulgensia bracteata, Pertusaria amara and Ramalina fastigiata), one is new to the Saronic Gulf island of Aegina (Cladonia foliacea), one is new to the NE Aegean island Lesvos (Umbilicaria spodochroa), and three and 22 taxa are new to the Dodecanese Islands of Kos and Rhodes, respectively (Kos: Arthonia cf. punctiformis, Arthopyrenia punctiformis and Collema crispum var. metzleri; Rhodes: Arthonia meridionalis, Aspicilia calcarea var. reagens, Bacidia incompta, B. laurocerasi, B. punica, Caloplaca aurantia, C. pyracea, Catillaria nigroclavata, Collema cristatum var. marginale, C. subnigrescens, Dirina massiliensis, Gyalecta truncigena, Lecanora horiza, Leptogium massiliense, Milospium graphideorum, Opegrapha celtidicola, Physcia adscendens, Rinodina septentrionalis, Schismatomma decolorans, Thelopsis isiaca, Vouauxiella lichenicola and Xanthoria calcicola). Umbilicaria spodochroa is confirmed for Greece.
URL: http://www.bioone.org.nybg.idm.oclc.org/doi/abs/10.13158/heia.29.1.2016.176
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Abstract: Extremophilic lichens and their photosynthesizing photobionts from the cold regions of Earth are adapted to perform photosynthesis at subzero temperatures. To evaluate interspecific differences in the critical temperature for primary photochemical processes of photosynthesis, we exposed lichen thalli of Usnea antarctica, Usnea aurantiaco-atra, and Umbilicaria cylindrica to linear cooling from +20 to −50 °C at a constant rate of 2 °C min−1. Simultaneously, two chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (FVFM – potential yield of photosynthetic processes in photosystem II, ΦPSII - effective quantum yield of PS II) evaluating a gradual subzero temperature-induced decline in photosynthetic processes were measured by a modulated fluorometer. For the studied species, the response of FVFM and ΦPSII to declining temperature showed an S-curve shape. The decline in FVFM and ΦPSII at low temperatures started at −5 and +5 °C, respectively in the majority of cases. The decline was, however, species-specific. U. aurantiaco-atra showed a constant-rate decline of ΦPSII from the physiological temperature 20 °C. U. antarctica exhibited the first sign of FVFM decline at −12 °C. The critical temperature related to full inhibition of the photosynthetic processes in PSII (FVFM), was found at −20 °C. However, this occurred at −30 °C for U. cylindrica. In an individual sample, the critical temperature for FVFM was typically lower than for ΦPSII. The method of linear cooling combined with simultaneous measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters proved to be an efficient tool in the estimation of extremophilic species sensitivityresistance to freezing.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011224016303662
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Abstract: Background: In this article, it was analyzed how snow melting affects the assembly of lichen and moss communities in a small area of the coastal region of Barton Peninsula, which is in maritime Antarctic. In the small area, even though there is a huge gap of difference of the environment between the snow-filled area and snow-melt one, the latter did not have distinctive environmental gradients. Results: Depending on the snow melting time, coverage and species diversity of lichens and mosses tend to increase remarkably. For species with significant changes depending on the snow-covered period, there are Andreaea regularis, crustose lichens, Placopsis contortuplicata, Usnea aurantiaco-atra, and snow algae. In this area, the process of vegetation assembly process has shown the directional development in the order of snow algae→crustose, lichen sub-formation→fruticose lichen, moss cushion sub-formation (Andreaea sociation)→fruticose lichen, and moss cushion sub-formation (Usnea sociation), according to the order of snow melting. These directional development stages are shown in gradual change in small area with the snow melting phenomena. However, in the snow-free area, where water is sufficiently supplied, it is expected that moss carpet sub-formation (Sanionia sociation) will be developed. Vegetation development in the small area with the snow melting phenomena, depending on differences of resistance on snow kill and moisture settled by species in according to the time of snow melting, tolerance model to form community is followed. Conclusions: The research results explain the development of vegetation in the Antarctic tundra and its spatial distribution according to the period for growth of lichens and mosses in the summer time by differences of snow melting in the small area. In the future, if research for the community development process in a large scale will be done, it will be helpful to figure out temporal and spatial dynamic of vegetation in the Antarctic tundra where snow and glaciers melt rapidly due to climatic warming.
URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41610-016-0008-x
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Abstract: Based on separately obtained and analyzed molecular data and within the framework of a global revision of the family Trypetheliaceae, 21 new species are described, from the Neotropics and tropical Asia, in the genera Architrypethelium (1), Astrothelium (15), Bathelium (1), Nigrovothelium (1), Trypethelium (1), and Viridothelium (2), namely: Architrypethelium lauropaluanum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. hyalinum in the perithecia immersed between coarse thallus verrucae and in the additional ascospore septa; Astrothelium aurantiacocinereum Lücking, Naksuwankul & Lumbsch sp. nov., differing from A. aeneum in the prominent, well-delimited, trypethelioid pseudostromata and the absence of pigment on the thallus surface, as well as in the barely lichenized thallus; A. carassense Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. purpurascens in orange, K+ red pseudostroma pigment and the slightly larger ascospores; A. cryptolucens Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & N. Salazar sp. nov., differing from A. carrascoense in the inspersed hymenium; A. fijiense Lücking, Naksuwankul & Lumbsch sp. nov., differing from A. cinereorosellum in the presence of lichexanthone on the well-delimited pseudostromata and in the slightly shorter ascospores; A. laevithallinum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. endochryseum in the smooth thallus; A. leucosessile Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot sp. nov., differing from A. phlyctaena in the conspicuous, sessile pseudostromata; A. macrostomoides Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Benatti sp. nov., differing from A. macrostomum in the larger ascospores; A. megacrypticum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & N. Salazar sp. nov., differing from A. longisporum in the single-spored asci and larger ascospores; A. nicaraguense Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & T. Orozco sp. nov., differing from A. gigantosporum in the smaller ascospores; A. norisianum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot sp. nov., differing from A. sepultum in the distinct, well-delimited pseudostromata; A. obtectum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Benatti sp. nov., differing from A. nigrocacuminum in the smaller ascospores; A. sordithecium Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. leucothelium in the inspersed hymenium and the absence of lichexanthone from the thallus surface outside the pseudostromata; A. subendochryseum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. endochryseum in the absence of pigment in the pseudostromata and the lateral thallus cover of the pseudostromata; A. subinterjectum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Jungbluth sp. nov., differing from A. obtectum in the smaller pseudostromata and smaller ascospores, and from A. interjectum in the diffuse pseudostromata and smaller ascospores; Bathelium porinosporum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Gueidan sp. nov., differing from other Bathelium species in the 3-septate, euseptate ascospores; Nigrovothelium bullatum Lücking, Upreti & Lumbsch sp. nov., differing from N. tropicum in the bullate thallus; Trypethelium tolimense Lücking, Moncada & M. Gut. sp. nov., differing from T. xanthoplatystomum in the absence of a yellow-orange pigment on the pseudostromata and the K+ yellow (not K+ red) medullary pigment; Viridothelium tricolor Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & N. Salazar sp. nov., characterized by black perithecia with a lateral ostiole immersed in white pseudostromata strongly contrasting with the surrounding brown thallus, in combination with 2-spored asci and large, muriform ascospores; and V. vonkonratii Lücking, Naksuwankul & Lumbsch sp. nov., differing from V. virens in larger ascospores and mostly solitary ascomata. All species are illustrated and their taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships are discussed. ITS barcoding sequences are reported for five specimens of Bathelium porinosporum.
Notes: New: Architrypethelium lauropaluanum Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Marcelli (from Brazil and Peru), Astrothelium aurantiacocinereum Lücking, Naksuwankul & Lumbsch (from New Caledonia), As. carassense Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Marcelli (from Brail), As. cryptolucens Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & N.Salazar (from Panama), As. fijiense Lücking, Naksuwankul & Lumbsch (from Fiji), As. laevithallinum Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Marcelli (from Brazil), As. leucosessile Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Aptroot (from Brazil, Panama and Peru), As. macrostomoides Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Benatti (from Brazil), As. megacrypticum Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & N.Salazar (from Panama), As. nicaraguense Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & T.Orozco (from Nicaragua), As. norisianum Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Aptroot (from Panama, Peru and Venezuela), As. obtectum Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Benatti (from Brazil), As. sordithecium Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Marcelli (from Brazil), As. subendochryseum Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Marcelli (from Brazil and El Salvador), As. subinterjectum Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Jungbluth (from Brazil), Bathelium porinosporum Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & Gueidan (from Vietnam), Nigrovothelium bullatum Lücking, Upreti & Lumbsch (from India), Trypethelium tolimense Lücking, Moncada & M.Gut. (from Colombia), Viridothelium tricolor Lücking, M.P.Nelsen & N. Salazar (from Panama and Venezuela), and V. vonkonratii Lücking, Naksuwankul & Lumbsch (from Fiji).
URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/lichenologist/article/div-classtitlea-pot-pourri-of-new-species-of-span-classitalictrypetheliaceaespan-resulting-from-molecular-phylogenetic-studiesdiv/AF581371E1DA7022485F77C2C8126FAD
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Abstract: Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper, including 11 new genera, 89 new species, one new subspecies, three new combinations and seven reference specimens. A wide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed. In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora (Testudinaceae), Camporesia (Xylariaceae), Clematidis, Crassiparies (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Farasanispora, Longiostiolum (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Multilocularia (Parabambusicolaceae), Neophaeocryptopus (Dothideaceae), Parameliola (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), and Towyspora (Lentitheciaceae) are introduced. Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis, Aniptodera aquibella, Annulohypoxylon albidiscum, Astrocystis thailandica, Camporesia sambuci, Clematidis italica, Colletotrichum menispermi, C. quinquefoliae, Comoclathris pimpinellae, Crassiparies quadrisporus, Cytospora salicicola, Diatrype thailandica, Dothiorella rhamni, Durotheca macrostroma, Farasanispora avicenniae, Halorosellinia rhizophorae, Humicola koreana, Hypoxylon lilloi, Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae, Lindgomyces okinawaensis, Longiostiolum tectonae, Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum, Moelleriella phukhiaoensis, M. pongdueatensis, Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi, Multilocularia bambusae, Multiseptospora thysanolaenae, Neophaeocryptopus cytisi, Ocellularia arachchigei, O. ratnapurensis, Ochronectria thailandica, Ophiocordyceps karstii, Parameliola acaciae, P. dimocarpi, Parastagonospora cumpignensis, Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei, Polyplosphaeria thailandica, Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis, Psiloglonium macrosporum, Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus, Rosellinia chiangmaiensis, Saccothecium rubi, Seimatosporium pseudocornii, S. pseudorosae, Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari. New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis (sexual morph described and illustrated) and Pseudocamarosporium pini. Descriptions, illustrations and or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea, Cryptovalsa ampelina, Dothiorella vidmadera, Ophiocordyceps formosana, Petrakia echinata, Phragmoporthe conformis and Pseudocamarosporium pini. The new species of Basidiomycota are Agaricus coccyginus, A. luteofibrillosus, Amanita atrobrunnea, A. digitosa, A. gleocystidiosa, A. pyriformis, A. strobilipes, Bondarzewia tibetica, Cortinarius albosericeus, C. badioflavidus, C. dentigratus, C. duboisensis, C. fragrantissimus, C. roseobasilis, C. vinaceobrunneus, C. vinaceogrisescens, C. wahkiacus, Cyanoboletus hymenoglutinosus, Fomitiporia atlantica, F. subtilissima, Ganoderma wuzhishanensis, Inonotus shoreicola, Lactifluus armeniacus, L. ramipilosus, Leccinum indoaurantiacum, Musumecia alpina, M. sardoa, Russula amethystina subp. tengii and R. wangii are introduced. Descriptions, illustrations, notes and or reference specimens are designated for Clarkeinda trachodes, Dentocorticium ussuricum, Galzinia longibasidia, Lentinus stuppeus and Leptocorticium tenellum. The other new genera, species new combinations are Anaeromyces robustus, Neocallimastix californiae and Piromyces finnis from Neocallimastigomycota, Phytophthora estuarina, P. rhizophorae, Salispina, S. intermedia, S. lobata and S. spinosa from Oomycota, and Absidia stercoraria, Gongronella orasabula, Mortierella calciphila, Mucor caatinguensis, M. koreanus, M. merdicola and Rhizopus koreanus in Zygomycota.
Notes: New (from Sri Lanka): Ocellularia arachchigei Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, O. ratnapurensis Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch, Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus Weerakoon, Lücking & Lumbsch.
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13225-016-0366-9
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Abstract: Usnea aurantiaco-atra is the most widespread flora in Fildes Peninsula. There are two growth types of U. aurantiaco-atra: the erect form on rocks and the prostrate form associated with mosses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that individuals of the two growth forms share genotypes. Moreover, haploid disequilibrium testing indicated no significant genetic difference for the two growth forms when fungal and algal internal transcribed spacer rDNA were treated as two alleles of one lichen individual. The two growth forms of U. aurantiaco-atra appear to reflect different stages of lichen–moss community succession. A mode is proposed for demonstrating the occurrence of this succession.
URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17518369.2017.1374123
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Keywords: ANATOMY ASCOSPORES LICHENS MORPHOLOGY PHYLOGENETICS THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Abstract: Seventeen corticolous shrubby apotheciate Usnea species without vegetative propagules are reported from Brazil, including five species that are new to science: Usnea aurantiaca-parvula A. Gerlach & P. Clerc (characterized by an orange medulla and lageniform spinulose fibrils), U. cirrosa Motyka, U. cladocarpa Fée (syn. nov.: U. ramillosa Motyka), U. concinna Stirton (lectotype designated here, syn. nov. U. radiata Stirton, U. florida var. scabrosa Zahlbr.), U. cristatula Motyka, U. erinacea Vain., U. fleigiae A. Gerlach & P. Clerc (characterized by large spores and a thin, lax medulla), U. grandispora A. Gerlach & P. Clerc (characterized by large spores, a black base and protocetraric or salazinic acids in the medulla), U. kalbiana P. Clerc & A. Gerlach (characterized by a vitreous cortex and annular cracks in the basal part), U. lunaria Motyka, U. meridionalis Zahlbr. (syn. nov.: U. michauxii I. I. Tav.), Usnea cf. moreliana Motyka, U. parvula Motyka, U. steineri Zahlbr, U. subelegans (Vain.) B. de Lesd. (lectotype designated here), U. subparvula A. Gerlach & P. Clerc (characterized by spinulose fibrils and protocetraric acid in the medulla) and one as yet unidentified species (named Usnea sp. 1). Usnea cirrosa, U. cristatula and U. erinacea are new records for Brazil. A full description with morphological, anatomical (CMA and ascospores) and chemical features (TLC), as well as geographical distribution, is provided for each species along with an identification key to all species reported. Molecular data from the ITS rDNA, RPB1 and Mcm7 markers are present for most taxa, except for U. concinna, U. cristatula, U. kalbiana, U. lunaria, U. cf. moreliana and U. subelegans.
Countries/Continents: Brazil/South America
Notes: New (from Brazil unless otherwise noted): Usnea aurantiaca-parvula A.Gerlach & P.Clerc, U. fleigiae A.Gerlach & P.Clerc, U. grandispora A.Gerlach & P.Clerc, U. kalbiana A.Gerlach & P.Clerc, U. subparvula A.Gerlach & P.Clerc (from Argentina and Brazil). Usnea barbata var. subelegans Vain. lectotypified, U. florida var. scabrida Zahlbr. and U. radiata Stirt. placed in synonymy with U. concinna Stirt., U. michauxii I.I.Tav. placed in synonymy with U. meridionalis Zahlbr. Includes key.
URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/60369AC6D62810C97211CB72CCBA2185
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Abstract: Seventeen robust monophyletic branches newly discovered in the phylogenetic tree of the Teloschistaceae after separate nrITS, nrLSU and mtSSU, as well as combined phylogenetic analysis are proposed to consider as the following separate genera: Dijigiella S. Y. Kondr. et L. Lőkös gen. nov. for the D. kaernefeltiana group, Elixjohnia S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur gen. nov. for the Sirenophila jackelixii group, Fominiella S. Y. Kondr., D. Upreti et J.-S. Hur gen. nov. for the F. tenerifensis group; Gintarasiella S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur gen. nov. for Caloplaca aggregata, Hanstrassia S. Y. Kondr. gen. nov. for the Elenkiniana lenae group, Harusavskia S. Y. Kondr. gen. nov. for H. elenkinianoides sp. n., Huriella S. Y. Kondr. et D. Upreti gen. nov. for H. loekoesiana sp. n., Ikaeria S. Y. Kondr., D. Upreti et J.-S. Hur gen. nov. for Caloplaca aurantiellina, Klauderuiella S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur gen. nov. for the Variospora thallincola group, Laundonia S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur gen. nov. for the Gyalolechia flavovirescens group, Lazarenkoiopsis S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur gen. nov. for Caloplaca ussuriensis, Nevilleiella S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur gen. nov. for the Caloplaca marchantii group, Opeltia S. Y. Kondr. et L. Lőkös gen. nov. for the Caloplaca neobaltistanica group, Oxneriopsis S. Y. Kondr., D. Upreti et J.-S. Hur gen. nov. for the Caloplaca oxneri group, Teuvoahtiana S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur gen. nov. for the Caloplaca rugulosa group, Tomnashia S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur gen. nov. for the Polycauliona rosei group, and Xanthaptychia S. Y. Kondr. et S. Ravera gen. nov. for the Seirophora orientalis group.
Notes: New: Dijigiella S.Y.Kondr. & L.Lőkös (type D. kaernefeltiana), D. kaernefeltiana S.Y.Kondr. (from Austraila), D. subaggregata S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt (from Australia), Elixjohnia S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (type E. jackelixii), E. bermaguiana (S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (≡ Caloplaca bermaguiana S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt), E. gallowayi (S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt & Filson) S.Y.Kondr. & J.- S. Hur (≡ Caloplaca gallowayi S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt & Filson), E. jackelixii (S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt & A.Thell) S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (≡ Caloplaca jackelixii S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt & A.Thell), Fominiella S.Y.Kondr., D. Upreti & J.-S.Hur (type F. tenerifensis), F. skii (Khodos., Vondrák & Šoun) S.Y.Kondr., D. Upreti & J.-S.Hur (≡ Caloplaca skii Khodos., Vondrák & Šoun), F. tenerifensis S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt, A. Thell & T.Feuerer (from Spain), Gintarasiella S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (type G. aggregata), G. aggregata (Kantvilas & S.Y.Kondr.) S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (≡ Caloplaca aggregata Kantvilas & S.Y.Kondr.), Hanstrassia S.Y.Kondr. (type H. lenae), Han. jaeseounhurii S.Y.Kondr., Ch.-H.Park & L.Lőkös (from China), H. lenae (Søchting & G. Figueras) S.Y.Kondr. (≡ C. lenae Søchting & G.Figueras), Harusavskia S.Y.Kondr. (type H. elenkinianoides), Har. elenkinianoides S.Y.Kondr., X.Y.Wang, S.-O.Oh & J.-S.Hur (from Chile), Huriella S.Y.Kondr. & D.Upreti (from Hu. loekoesiana), H. loekoesiana S.Y.Kondr. & D.Upreti (from Korea), Ikaeria S.Y.Kondr., D.Upreti & J.-S.Hur (type I. aurantiellina), I. aurantiellina (Harm.) S.Y.Kondr., D.Upreti & J.-S.Hur (≡ Caloplaca aurantiellina Harm.), Klauderuiella S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (type K. thallincola), K. aurantia (Pers.) S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (≡ Lichen aurantius Pers.), K. flavescens (Huds.) S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (≡ Lichen flavescens Huds.), K. thallincola (Wedd.) S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (≡ Lecanora murorum var. thallincola Wedd.), Laundonia S.Y.Kondr., L.Lőkös & J.-S.Hur (type Lau. flavovirescens), Lau. flavovirescens (Wulfen) S.Y.Kondr., L.Lőkös & J.-S.Hur (≡ Lichen flavovirescens Wulfen), Lau. persimilis (Wetmore) S.Y.Kondr., L.Lőkös & J.-S.Hur (≡ Caloplaca persimilis Wetmore), Lazarenkoiopsis S.Y.Kondr., L.Lőkös & J.-S.Hur (type Laz. ussuriensis), Laz. ussuriensis (Oxner, S.Y.Kondr. & Elix) S.Y.Kondr., L.Lőkös & J.-S.Hur (≡ Caloplaca ussuriensis Oxner, S.Y.Kondr. & Elix), Nevilleiella S.Y.Kondr., & J.-S.Hur (type N. marchantii), N. marchantii (S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (≡ Caloplaca marchantii S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt), N. lateritia (Taylor) S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (≡ Lecidea lateritia (Taylor) S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S. Hur), Opeltia S.Y.Kondr. & L.Lőkös (type Op. neobaltistanica), Op. arizonica (H.Magn.) S.Y.Kondr. & L.Lőkös (≡ Caloplaca arizonica H.Magn.), Op. juniperina (Tomin) S.Y.Kondr. & L.Lőkös (≡ Caloplaca juniperina Tomin), Op. (S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur) S.Y.Kondr. & L.Lőkös (≡ Caloplaca neobaltistanica S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur), Oxneriopsis S.Y.Kondr., D.Upreti & J.-S.Hur (type Ox. oxneri), Ox. oxneri (S.Y.Kondr. & Søchting) S.Y.Kondr., D.Upreti & J.-S.Hur (≡ Caloplaca oxneri S.Y.Kondr. & Søchting), Ox. yeosuensis (S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur) S.Y.Kondr., D.Upreti & J.-S.Hur (≡ Caloplaca yeosuensis S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur), Squamulea micromera (Hue) S.Y.Kondr., L.Lőkös & J.-S.Hur (≡ Lecanora micromera Hue), Teuvoahtiana S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (type Te. rugulosa), Te. altoandina (Malme) S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (≡ Callopisma altoandinum Malme), Te. fernandeziana (Zahlbr.) S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (≡ Blastenia fernandeziana Zahlbr.), Te. rugulosa (Nyl.) S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (≡ Placodium rugulosum Nyl.), Tomnashia S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (type To. rosei), To. ludificans (Arup) S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (≡ Caloplaca ludificans Arup), To. luteominia (Tuck.) S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (≡ Placodium luteominium Tuck.), To. nashii (Nav.-Ros., Gaya & Hladún) S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (≡ Caloplaca nashii Nav.-Ros., Gaya & Hladún), To. rosei (Hasse) S.Y.Kondr. & J.-S.Hur (≡ Caloplaca rosei Hasse), Variospora latzelii (Servít) S.Y.Kondr. (≡ Blastenia latzelii Servít), Xanthaptychia S.Y.Kondr. & S.Ravera (type Xantha. orientalis), Xantha. aurantiaca (R. Br.) S.Y.Kondr. & S.Ravera (≡ Borrera aurantiaca R.Br.), Xantha. blumii (S.Y.Kondr. & Moniri) S.Y.Kondr. & S.Ravera (≡ Seirophora blumii S.Y.Kondr. & Moniri), Xantha. contortuplicata (Ach.) S.Y.Kondr. & S.Ravera (≡ Parmelia contortuplicata Ach.), Xantha. orientalis (Frödén) S.Y.Kondr. & S.Ravera (≡ Seirophora orientalis Frödén), Xanthocarpia raesaenenii (Bredkina) S.Y.Kondr. (≡ Caloplaca raesaenenii Bredkina).
URL: http://akademiai.com/doi/abs/10.1556/034.59.2017.1-2.6
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Abstract: The ability to separate similar species is of crucial importance for studies in population and conservation genetics. Lichens, symbioses between fungi and one or more photosynthetic organisms, are the most important primary producers in Antarctic terrestrial habitats. The two common lichens Usnea antarctica and U. aurantiacoatra have traditionally been separated based on their reproductive mode: U. antarctica forms soredia containing both symbiotic partners while U. aurantiacoatra displays sexual reproduction. Previous molecular analysis based on ITS and RPB1 genes did not find evidence to reliably split the two taxa. It has thus been suggested to treat them as a single species. As part of ongoing projects on the population structure of Antarctic lichens we present here evidence from microsatellite data clearly supporting the distinction between both species. These findings have an impact on sampling design for population genetic studies and the development of conservation strategies.
URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320373585_Sexuality_clonality_and_dispersal_in_two_Antarctic_lichens
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Abstract: Premise of the study: Usnea antarctica and U. aurantiacoatra (Parmeliaceae) are common lichens in the maritime Antarctic. These species share the same habitats on King George Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica) and are distinguishable based on reproductive strategies. Methods and Results: We developed 23 fungus-specific simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers that cross-amplify between the two species. We used a low-coverage genome-skimming approach on one sample of each species to identify SSR repeats in the two species. Primers were designed for 3–4-bp repeats, and only the loci common to both species were selected for further analyses. Seventy-seven samples of the two species were selected to assess fungal specificity, genetic variability, and linkage of the markers. In addition, we tested cross-amplification in other Usnea species. Conclusions: The 23 newly designed SSR markers are suitable for population genetic and phylogeographic studies of Usnea species.
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5628029/
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Abstract: Seven lichens (Usnea antarctica and U. aurantiacoatra) and nine moss samples (Sanionia uncinata) collected in King George Island were analyzed using instrumental neutron activation analysis, and concentration of major and trace elements was calculated. For some elements, the concentrations observed in moss samples were higher than corresponding values reported from other sites in the Antarctica, but in the lichens, these were in the same range of concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and statistical analysis showed large influence of volcanic-origin particles. Also, the interplanetary cosmic particles (ICP) were observed in investigated samples, as mosses and lichens are good collectors of ICP and micrometeorites.
Countries/Continents: Antarctica
URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-017-0431-2
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Keywords: LICHENS, LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI, NATURE CONSERVATION, RARE SPECIES, THREATENED SPECIES, FIRST RECORDS, GERMANY, POLAND
Abstract: The lichens Acarospora peliscypha, Caloplaca limonia, Candelaria pacifica, Cresporhaphis macrospora, Dimerella lutea, Lecanora barkmaniana, Ochrolechia arborea, Opegrapha gyrocarpa, Oxneria huculica, Physcia tribacioides, Punctelia borreri, Reichlingia leopoldii, Thelocarpon pallidum and the gyrophoric acid chemotype of Bryoria implexa as well as the lichenicolous fungi Cercidospora macrospora, Didymosphaeria futilis and Intralichen christiansenii are recorded for the region of Brandenburg and Berlin (Germany) for the first time. First records to Berlin are, moreover, the lichens and lichen-similar fungi Cyrtidula quercus, Leptorhaphis atomaria, Thelocarpon magnussonii, Vezdaea leprosa as well as the lichenicolous fungi Capronia peltigerae, Cladoniicola staurospora, Graphium aphthosae, Hawksworthiana peltigericola, Libertiella malmedyensis, Lichenodiplis lecanorae, Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum, Microcalicium disseminatum, Paranectria oropensis, Pezizella epithallina. Steinia geophana is first recorded with certainty from Berlin. Cliostomum corrugatum, Collema fuscovirens, Stereocaulon paschale were rediscovered to the Brandenburg-Berlin region. Two further observations of Nephromopsis laureri, a species recorded for the northern German lowlands only recently, were done; one of them in the Polish part of the region of Lower Lusatia. Occurrences of Hyperphyscia adglutinata, a species rediscovered recently in the Berlin-Brandenburg region after 200 years of absence, are rapidly increasing in number. Collema fuscovirens was repeatedly found on roofing tiles of concrete of a type previously widely used. Some further observations of rare or rarely recorded species are communicated. Cheiromycina globosa was found far from the northern Brandenburgwestern Pomerania region for the first time. Just as most previous collections of this species, this material is associated with apothecia, whose anatomy and spores refer to Lecania koerberiana, which is otherwise not currently reported from Brandenburg. Two previously reported occurrences of Anaptychia ciliaris, a species under legal protection in Germany and critically endangered in Brandenburg, have been annihilated by demolition of their habitats.
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Abstract: This article focuses on the spatial distribution of vegetation formations in Elephant Point, an ice-free area of 1.16 km2 located in Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Fieldwork carried out in January 2014 consisted of floristic surveys and designation of a vegetation map. We have examined these data in a GIS environment together with topographical and geomorphological features existing in the peninsula in order to infer the factors controlling vegetation distribution. This has allowed quantifying the total area covered by the four different vegetation formations distributed across the peninsula, proliferating mainly on bedrock plateaus and Holocene raised beaches. Grass formation is essentially composed of Deschampsia antarctica, distributed almost exclusively on raised beaches, and covering 4.1% of the ice-free surface. The remaining three formations are fundamentally composed of cryptogam species. The first of which is fruticose lichen and moss formation, present on high bedrock plateaus and principally formed by lichens such as Usnea aurantiaco-atra. The next is the crustose lichen formation, spreading on bedrock plateaus near the coast populated by bird colonies. In this case, ornitocoprophilous lichens such as Caloplaca regalis, Xanthoria elegans and Haematomma erythromma are predominant. Together, both formations have colonised 5.1% of the peninsula. The last variety, moss carpet and moss cushion formation, occupies 1.4% of the deglaciated surface, spreading primarily in flooded areas, stabilised talus slopes, and bedrock plateaus as well. Therefore, the total surface colonised by vegetation is 12.2 ha, which comprises 10.5% of the peninsula. Due to the retreat of the Rotch Dome glacier, 20.1 ha remain ice-free since 1956 (17.3% of the deglaciated area). Ever since, even though the Antarctic Peninsula has registered one of the most significant temperature rises on Earth, vegetation has only colonised 0.04 ha of this new space, which merely represents 0.3% of the vegetated area in Elephant Point.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717304072
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Abstract: Eight new species of Pyrenulaceae are described as new to science from Brazil, Guyana and Puerto Rico. Pyrenula sanguineomeandrata Aptroot & Mercado Diaz (with a thallus with red, KOH+ purple pigmentation of lines or a reticulum, simple ascomata with vertical ostioles, a deep red inspersed, KOH+ orange hamathecium, and dark brown 3-septate ascospores 25–29×10–12 μm) and P. sanguineostiolata Aptroot & Mercado Diaz (with a thallus with deeply immersed simple ascomata with vertical ostioles, which are superficial and bright red, and 3-septate ascospores 25–28×9–12 μm) are described from submontane evergreen forests in Puerto Rico. Pyrenula biseptata Aptroot & M. Cáceres (with simple ascomata with vertical ostioles, an inspersed hamathecium and 2-septate ascospores 11–12×4·5–5·0 μm) and P. xanthinspersa Aptroot & M. Cáceres (with an ecorticate thallus containing lichexanthone, simple ascomata with vertical ostioles, not inspersed hamathecium and 3-septate ascospores 14–17×6·0–7·5 μm) are described from rainforest in Amazonian Brazil. Pyrenula subvariabilis Aptroot & Sipman (with fused ascomata with lateral ostioles and submuriform ascospores 17–20(–25)×6–9 μm) and Sulcopyrenula biseriata Aptroot & Sipman (with a thallus containing lichexanthone, simple ascomata with lateral ostioles and lozenge-shaped ascospores with 8 locules, (13–)15–17(–20)×8–10 (width)×6–7 (thickness) μm) are described from savannahs in Guyana. Special attention is paid to the genus Pyrgillus: two new species from the 3-septate core group of this small genus are described from Brazil, viz. P. aurantiacus Aptroot & M. Cáceres (with a corticate thallus containing lichexanthone, mazaedium with orange, KOH+ violet, UV+ red pruina and ascospores of 13–16×6·0–7·5 μm) and P. rufus Aptroot & M. Cáceres (with a corticate thallus containing lichexanthone, mazaedium with dark red, KOH+ orange, UV+ red pruina and ascospores of 15·0–17·5×5·0–6·5 μm). An updated key to the 3-septate species of Pyrgillus is provided.
Countries/Continents: South America
Notes: New: Pyrenula biseptata Aptroot & M. Cáceres (from Brazil), P. sanguineomeandrata Aptroot & Mercado Diaz (from Puerto Rico), P. sanguineostiolata Aptroot & Mercado Diaz (from Puerto Rico), P. subvariabilis Aptroot & Sipman (from Guyana), P. xanthinspersa Aptroot & M. Cáceres (from Brazil), Pyrgillus aurantiacus Aptroot & M. Cáceres (from Brazil), Py. rufus Aptroot & M. Cáceres (from Brazil), Sulcopyrenula biseriata Aptroot & Sipman (from Guyana).
URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/lichenologist/article/eight-new-species-of-pyrenulaceae-from-the-neotropics-with-a-key-to-3septate-pyrgillus-species/3A10F613982DA7D15C6D77C838E2D5E4
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Abstract: The single celled green alga Coccomyxa antarctica Shunan Cao & Qiming Zhou, sp. nov. was isolated from the Antarctic torrential lichen Usnea aurantiacoatra (Jacq.) Bory. It is described and illustrated based on a comprehensive study of its morphology, ultrastructure, ecology and phylogeny. C. antarctica is a lichenicolous alga which has elongated cells and contains a parietal chloroplast as observed under the microscope. C. antarctica is clearly different from other species by phylogenetic analysis (ITS rDNA and SSU rDNA sequences), also it differs from its phylogenetic closely species C. viridis by its larger cell size.
URL: https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/25360/
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Abstract: Usnea aurantiaco-atra is the dominant flora around King George Island, Antarctica, whose specimens exhibited various phenotypes, even for those with the same ITS sequences in both mycobiont and photobiont. A comprehensive analysis of morphological traits of U. aurantiaco-atra including the reproductive structures, growth forms and ornamentation, cross section of the branches, and the substratum was carried out. Four arbitrary groups were identified based on their reproductive characters, but these groups cannot be distinguished from molecular phylogenetic trees based on fungal or algal ITS sequences. Further, the complicated morphological diversity of the thalli with the same ITS haplotypes in both mycobiont and photobiont suggest that some other factors in addition to the symbionts could influence the morphology of lichens. This implies that lichen is indeed a complex-mini-ecosystem rather than a dual symbiotic association of fungus and alga. Also, a lichenous fungi Phacopsis sp. was identified based on its anatomical characters and ITS sequence, which was also responsible for the black burls-like structures on U. aurantiaco-atra.
URL: http://journals.pan.pl/dlibra/publication/118749/edition/103315/content/morphological-differentiation-and-phylogenetic-homogeneity-in-usnea-aurantiaco-atra-reveal-the-complexity-of-lichen-symbiosis-cao-shunan-zheng-hongyuan-cao-yunshu-liu-chuanpeng-zhu-lingxiang-peng-fang-zhou-qiming?language=en
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Abstract: Neuropogonoid species in the lichen-forming fungal genus Usnea exhibit great morphological variation that can be misleading for delimitation of species. We specifically focused on the species delimitation of two closely-related, predominantly Antarctic species differing in the reproductive mode and representing a so-called species pair: the asexual U. antarctica and the sexual U. aurantiacoatra. Previous studies have revealed contradicting results. While multi-locus studies based on DNA sequence data provided evidence that these two taxa might be conspecific, microsatellite data suggested they represent distinct lineages. By using RADseq, we generated thousands of homologous markers to build a robust phylogeny of the two species. Furthermore, we successfully implemented these data in fine-scale population genomic analyses such as DAPC and fineRADstructure. Both Usnea species are readily delimited in phylogenetic inferences and, therefore, the hypothesis that both species are conspecific was rejected. Population genomic analyses also strongly confirmed separated genomes and, additionally, showed different levels of co-ancestry and substructure within each species. Lower co-ancestry in the asexual U. antarctica than in the sexual U. aurantiacoatra may be derived from a wider distributional range of the former species. Our results demonstrate the utility of this RADseq method in tracing population dynamics of lichens in future analyses.
URL: https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/29093/element/5/31//
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Abstract: Lichens are symbiotic associations consisting of a fungal (mycobiont) and one or more photosynthetic (photobionts) partners and are the dominant component, and most important primary producers, of Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems. The most common lichens in the maritime Antarctic are Usnea antarctica and U. aurantiacoatra, a so-called “species pair” in which U. antarctica shows asexual reproduction and propagation via soredia and U. aurantiacoatra forms ascospores in apothecia. Previous molecular analyses were not able to unambiguously distinguish the two morphotypes as species. Therefore, the goal of this study was to find out whether fast-evolving SSR (single sequence repeat) markers are able to separate morphotypes more clearly and help to clarify their taxonomy. We investigate 190 individuals from five mixed stands of both morphotypes collected in King George Island and Elephant Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Based on 23 microsatellite markers designed from sequenced genomes, discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), Bayesian clustering analysis, and coalescent-based estimation of gene flow show clear evidence for the existence of two different species distinguishable by reproductive mode. We did not detect any statistical association between genetic clusters and three previously reported chemical races of each species.
URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00275514.2018.1512304?journalCode=umyc20
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Abstract: Permafrost dynamics play an important role in the surface hydrology and carbon balance of northern peatlands. Plant macrofossil analysis with radiocarbon dating has been widely used in detecting past permafrost dynamics in peatlands; however, there is a lack of permafrost-specific plant indicator species, which makes it challenging to determine the exact timing of historical permafrost aggradation. We investigated the indicator value of oribatid mites in determining past permafrost dynamics in sub-Arctic peatlands. Analyses of subfossil oribatid mite assemblages of Holocene peat profiles from two mires, one in northern Finland and one in northeastern European Russia, were carried out and interpreted using modern calibration data from the same study areas. The results were compared with previously published reconstructions of permafrost history based on plant macrofossil analyses from the same locations. The results suggest that the oribatid mites Carabodes labyrinthicus, Chamobates borealis and Neoribates aurantiacus are promising indicator species to detect past permafrost occurrence in peatlands. In addition, N. aurantiacus is clearly associated with the presence of lichens, which is particularly useful because lichen remains are rarely preserved in peat deposits. Results are in accordance with earlier studies showing that oribatid mites are useful indicators of past environmental change.
Notes: "N. aurantiacus is clearly associated with the presence of lichens, which is particularly useful because lichen remains are rarely preserved in peat deposits."
URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bor.12312
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Abstract: One new species, Rinodina incurva, fifteen new North American species records for the genus Rinodina (including nine recently described taxa), and range extensions for 61 species are listed. One species, R. aurantiaca, is reduced to synonymy with R. capensis. A total of 111 species are now recognized for North America of which 36 (32 %) are endemic. Disjunctions of seven species with northeastern Asia are discussed. A new key to all species is provided.
Countries/Continents: U.S.A/Canada/North America
Notes: New: Rinodina incurva Sheard & J.Walton (from U.S.A.). Rinodina aurantiaca Sheard placed in synonymy with R. capensis.
URL: https://bioone.org/journals/Herzogia/volume-31/issue-p1/heia.31.1.2018.395/A-Synopsis-and-New-Key-to-the-Species-of-Rinodina/10.13158/heia.31.1.2018.395.full
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Abstract: Background and aims – The Arthoniaceae form a species-rich family of lichenized, lichenicolous and saprophytic fungi in the order Arthoniales. As part of taxonomic revisions of the African Arthoniaceae, a number of species assignable to the genus Synarthonia were collected and sequenced. The present study aims at placing the genus in a phylogeny for the first time and at clarifying its circumscription.Methods – Nuclear (RPB2) and mitochondrial (mtSSU) DNA sequences from freshly collected specimens were obtained and analysed with phylogenetic Bayesian and maximum likelihood (ML) methods.Key results – Synarthonia is closely related to the genera Reichlingia and Coniocarpon in the Arthoniaceae. Six Synarthonia species are described as new to science and ten new combinations into this genus are made. A worldwide identification key to the genus Synarthonia is provided. Lectotypes are chosen for Arthonia elegans, A. inconspicua, A. lopingensis, A. ochracea, A. subcaesia and A. translucens. Arthonia thamnocarpa is synonymized with Sclerophyton elegans, and Arthonia elegans with Coniocarpon fallax. Synarthonia ochracea is shown to be a misunderstood species in the past and recent literature, since it was erroneously synonymized with Coniocarpon elegans. Synarthonia ochracea appears to start its life cycle as a non-lichenized lichenicolous fungus on Graphis before developing a lichenized thallus or it might be a facultatively lichenicolous fungus. It belongs to a complex of closely related species whose biology and circumscription are still in need of further studies.Conclusions – Synarthonia forms a monophyletic but somewhat heterogeneous lineage closely related to Coniocarpon and Reichlingia. As delimited here, Synarthonia includes corticolous lichens with a trentepohlioid photobiont as well as non-lichenized lichenicolous fungi. The core group is characterized by white pruinose ascomata, but species producing orange pruinose or non-pruinose ascomata are also included. Ascospores are transversely septate with an enlarged apical cell or are muriform. Future molecular and morphological studies are needed for a better circumscription and definition of the genus.
Notes: New: Coniocarpon carneoumbrinum (Zahlbr.) Van den Broeck & Ertz (≡ Arthonia carneoumbrina Zahlbr.), C. tuckermanianum (Willey) Van den Broeck & Ertz (≡ A. tuckermaniana Willey), Synarthonia albopruinosa Van den Broeck & Ertz (from Democratic Republic of Congo), S. astroidestera (Nyl.) Ertz & Van den Broeck (≡ A. astroidestera Nyl.), S. aurantiacopruinosa Van den Broeck & Ertz (from Democratic Republic of Congo), S. borbonica (Ertz, Elix & Grube) Van den Broeck & Ertz (≡ A. borbonica Ertz, Elix & Grube), S. ferruginea (Vain.) Van den Broeck & Ertz (≡ A. ferruginea Vain.), A. fuscata Van den Broeck & Ertz (from Democratic Republic of Congo), S. hodgesii (Lendemer & R.C. Harris) Van den Broeck & Ertz (≡ A. hodgesii Lendemer & R.C.Harris), A. inconspicua (Stirt.) Van den Broeck & Ertz (≡ A. inconspicua Stirt.), A. josephiana Van den Broeck & Ertz (from Madagascar), S. karunaratnei (Weerakoon & Aptroot) Van den Broeck & Ertz (≡ A. karunaratnei Weerakoon & Aptroot), S. lopingensis (Zahlbr.) Van den Broeck, Frisch & Ertz (≡ A. lopingensis Zahlbr.), S. muriformis Van den Broeck, Frisch & Ertz (from Madagascar and Uganda), S. ochracea (Dufour) Van den Broeck & Ertz (≡ A. ochracea Dufour), S. ochrodes (Nyl.) Van den Broeck & Ertz (≡ A. ochrodes Nyl), S. pilosella Van den Broeck, Eb.Fisch., Killmann & Ertz (from Rwanda), S. rimeliicola (Diederich) Van den Broeck, Diederich & Ertz (≡ A. rimeliicola Diederich). Lectotypified: Arthonia inconspicua Stirt., Arthonia lopingensis Zahlbr., Arthonia ochracea Dufour, Arthonia translucens Stirt. (= A. inconspicua), Arthonia subcaesia C.W.Dodge (= A. inconspicua), Spiloma elegans Ach. (≡ Coniocarpon elegans (Ach.) Duby),
URL: https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/botbel/plecevo/2018/00000151/00000003/art00004#
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Abstract: The data on 31 species of lichenicolous fungi (Abrothallus caerulescens, Arthonia phaeophysciae, Athelia arachnoidea, Cercidospora macrospora, Clypeococcum hypocenomycis, Cornutispora lichenicola, Erythricium aurantiacum, Heterocephalacria physciacearum, Intralichen christiansenii, Lichenochora obscuroides, Lichenoconium erodens, L. lecanorae, L. usneae, Lichenodiplis lecanorae, Lichenostigma cosmopolites, Lichenothelia convexa, L. scopularia, Marchandiomyces corallinus, Monodictys epilepraria, Muellerella pygmaea, M. erratica, Pronectria leptaleae, Pyrenochaeta xanthoriae, Sclerococcum sphaerale, Sphaerellothecium propinquellum, Stigmidium fuscatae, S. squamariae, S. xanthoparmeliarum, Taeniolella phaeophysciae, T. punctata, Xanthoriicola physciae) new to the Teteriv River Basin are provided. Further five species (Cercidospora crozalsiana, Lichenostigma epipolina, Lichenothelia tenuissima, Polysporina subfuscescens and Taeniolella beschiana) are new to Ukraine. Additional localities for all newly reported species are listed.
Countries/Continents: Ukraine/Europe
URL: https://akademiai.com/doi/abs/10.1556/034.61.2019.1-2.6
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Abstract: The lichens are symbiotic organisms, synthesize a great variety of chemically complex. Natural and potential source of bioactive compounds. U. antarctica and U. aurantiaco-atra were collected during 23rd Peruvian Scientific Expedition (ANTAR XXIII–2015) from the Antarctic Scientific Station “Machu Picchu” and were transferred to the ITP for processing. The samples were dried and grounded, after that, an extraction with acetone (1:10 wv) also with methanol (1:10 wv) was performed. Both extracts were mixed and vacuumed dried (30 °C). A methanol-acetone extract (MAE) from each lichen was obtained. MAE from U. antarctica showed a major concentration of total phenols (22.80 ± 0.08 mg GAg MAE) than U. aurantiaco-atra (19.42 ± 0.32 mg GAg MAE). Besides, U. antarctica exhibited a superior value of inhibition of ABTS•+ radical (89.05 ± 0.01 μmol TEg MAE) than U. aurantiaco-atra (79.84 ± 0.09 μmol TEg MAE). The antibacterial activity of MAEs against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 14775, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Vibrio alginolyticus ATCC 17749 was performed however was only demonstrated against S. aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated, U. antarctica and U. aurantiaco-atra exhibited 94.76% and 98.43%, respectively of inhibition bacterial growth at 31.25 μgmL of MIC value. MAE of U. antarctica (IC50 = 169.64 μgmL) and U. aurantiaco-atra (IC50 = 270.82 μgmL).
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965219300957
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Keywords: ANTARCTICA LICHENS NITROGEN RESPIRATION TEMPERATURE
Abstract: Abstract—: Data on the respiratory activity of 12 species of Antarctic lichens are presented. It is found that the respiration of foliose lichens is more intensive than the respiration of fruticose lichens. The O2 uptake rate correlates positively with the nitrogen content in the biomass of thalli and depends on temperature. The thalli O2 uptake rate increased 2.2–2.4 times with a temperature increase from 5 to 15°C. The reaction of respiration upon a further rise in temperature is species-specific. The decrease in the temperature coefficient of respiration (Q10) with a temperature increase to 35°C is most pronounced in the endemic species Usnea aurantiaco-atra, which is well-adapted to Antarctic conditions. The calculations show that, in summer, lichens are able to lose an amount of substrate equivalent to 0.8–1.4% of the thallus dry biomass in respiration daily. The total respiration cost of the lichen maintenance under snow during the winter can reach of 30–35% from their biomass. These results extend our knowledge on Antarctic lichens, and prediction their response to climatic change.
URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1995425519040115
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Abstract: We present a checklist for Moshchny Island (Leningrad Region, Russia). The documented lichen biota comprises 349 species, including 313 lichens, 30 lichenicolous fungi and 6 non-lichenized saprobic fungi. Endococcus exerrans and Lichenopeltella coppinsii are reported for the first time for Russia; Cercidospora stenotropae, Erythricium aurantiacum, Flavoplaca limonia, Lecidea haerjedalica, and Myriospora myochroa for European Russia; Flavoplaca oasis, Intralichen christiansenii, Nesolechia fusca, and Myriolecis zosterae for North-Western European Russia; and Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa, Calogaya pusilla, and Lecidea auriculata subsp. auriculata are new for Leningrad Region. The studied lichen biota is moderately rich and diverse, but a long history of human activity likely caused its transformation, especially the degradation of forest lichen biota. The most valuable habitats for lichens in Moshchny Island are seashore and dune communities which definitely deserve protection.
Countries/Continents: Russia/Europe
URL: https://ojs.utlib.ee/index.php/FCE/article/view/fce.2019.56.05
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Abstract: Four new metabolites, 4-epi-citreoviridin (1), auransterol (3), and two analogues (2 and 4) of paxisterol (6), together with two known metabolites (15R*,20S*)-dihydroxyepisterol (5) and (6), were isolated from cultures of the fungal associate, Penicillium aurantiacobrunneum, of the lichen Niebla homalea, endemic to California and Baja California. The structures of all compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic and spectrometric methods, as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction for the determination of the absolute configuration of 3. Compound 1 showed selective cytotoxicity toward MCF-7 breast and A2780 ovarian cells with IC50 values of 4.2 and 5.7 μM, respectively.
URL: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00340
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Abstract: Usnea sphacelata and Usnea aurantiaco-atra are dominant components of Antarctic lichen flora in the South Shetlands archipelago and several other regions within maritime Antarctica. The lichens are considered to be cold resistant. They may survive long periods at sub zero temperature with no or only limited remarkable signs of damage. In majority of cases, however, the lichens face subzero temperature in dry, metabolically inactive state. When exposed to subzero temperature in wet state, lichens activate numerous protective mechanisms and reduce their photosynthetic activity. Rapid freezing of lichen thalli in wet state happens quite frequently in the field in polar regions. Consequences for lichen thallus anatomy and photosynthetic apparaus are, however, rather unknown. In our study, we focused on structural components of thallus of two Antarctic frusicose lichens (Usnea sphacelata and U. aurantiaco-atra) and their change after shock freezing (a short-term immersion of wet lichen thalli to liquid nitrogen). Anatomical properties of cross section of thalli were evaluated after the shock freezing and in untreated control. We expected species-specific differences in photosynthetic performance (monitored by several chlorophyll fluorescence parameters).
Notes: Extended abstract.
URL: https://www.sci.muni.cz/CPR/19cislo/Abstract/A12.pdf
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Abstract: We present an exhaustive analysis of the ITS barcoding marker in the genus Usnea s.lat., separated into Dolichousnea, Eumitria, and Usnea including the subgenus Neuropogon, analyzing 1,751 accessions. We found only a few low-quality accessions, whereas information on voucher specimens and accuracy and precision of identifications was of subpar quality for many accessions. We provide an updated voucher table, alignment and phylogenetic tree to facilitate DNA barcoding of Usnea, either locally or through curated databases such as UNITE. Taxonomic and geographic coverage was moderate: while Dolichousnea and subgenus Neuropogon were well-represented among ITS data, sampling for Eumitria and Usnea s.str. was sparse and biased towards certain lineages and geographic regions, such as Antarctica, Europe, and South America. North America, Africa, Asia and Oceania were undersampled. A peculiar situation arose with New Zealand, represented by a large amount of ITS accessions from across both major islands, but most of them left unidentified. The species pair Usnea antarctica vs. U. aurantiacoatra was the most sampled clade, including numerous ITS accessions from taxonomic and ecological studies. However, published analyses of highly resolved microsatellite and RADseq markers showed that ITS was not able to properly resolve the two species present in this complex. While lack of resolution appears to be an issue with ITS in recently evolving species complexes, we did not find evidence for gene duplication (paralogs) or hybridization for this marker. Comparison with other markers demonstrated that particularly IGS and RPB1 are useful to complement ITS-based phylogenies. Both IGS and RPB1 provided better backbone resolution and support than ITS; while IGS also showed better resolution and support at species level, RPB1 was less resolved and delineated for larger species complexes. The nuLSU was of limited use, providing neither resolution nor backbone support. The other three commonly employed protein-coding markers, TUB2, RPB2, and MCM7, showed variable evidence of possible gene duplication and paralog formation, particularly in the MCM7, and these markers should be used with care, especially in multimarker coalescence approaches. A substantial challenge was provided by difficult morphospecies that did not form coherent clades with ITS or other markers, suggesting various levels of cryptic speciation, the most notorious example being the U. cornuta complex. In these cases, the available data suggest that multimarker approaches using ITS, IGS and RPB1 help to assess distinct lineages. Overall, ITS was found to be a good first approximation to assess species delimitation and recognition in Usnea s.lat., as long as the data are carefully analyzed, and reference sequences are critically assessed and not taken at face value. In difficult groups, we recommend IGS as a secondary barcode marker, with the option to employ more resource-intensive approaches, such as RADseq, in species complexes involving so-called species pairs or other cases of disparate morphology not reflected in the ITS or IGS. Attempts should be made to close taxonomic and geographic gaps especially for the latter two markers, in particular in Eumitria and Usnea s.str. and in the highly diverse areas of North America and Central America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania.
URL: https://pfsyst.botany.pl/Two-decades-of-DNA-barcoding-in-the-genus-Usnea-n-Parmeliaceae-how-useful-and-reliable,130373,0,2.html
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URL: https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/175710010/175710692
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Abstract: The article presents results of the research on artificial radionuclides (137Cs, 90Sr, 241Am) in the Antarctic environment. Samples of 12 species from the marine environment: Pygoscelis adeliae, Pygoscelis papua, Macronectes giganteus, Pagodroma nivea, Catharacta antarctica, Leptonychotes weddellii, Mirounga leonina, Harpagifer antarcticus, Chaenocephalus aceratus, Nacella concinna, Himantothallus grandifolius, Iridaea cordata (bones, feathers, soft tissues, eggs' shells of birds, bones, skin, fur of mammals, fish, mollusks’ soft tissues and shells, algae) and samples of 4 species from the terrestrial environment: Sanionia uncinata, Usnea antarctica, Usnea aurantiaco-atra, Deschampsia antarctica (mosses, lichens, grass) were investigated. Differences in the accumulation of 137Cs between marine and terrestrial ecosystem were shown, which are mostly due to conservatism of mosses and lichens and active removal of cesium by animal body. Furthermore discrepancy between mosses and lichens in the radioceasium accumulation was statistically proven with the additional use of Neutron Activation Analysis. Moreover, the internal weighted dose rates assessment was prepared using the ERICA Tool. The dose rates were relatively low, not exceeding several dozen nGyh. Nonetheless, one species – Pagodroma nivea, was significantly outstanding due to the highest weighted dose rate it is burdened with.
Notes: Sampled Usnea antarctica & U. aurantiaco-atra.
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0265931X19303030?via%3Dihub
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Abstract: The following species are described as new to science, mostly based on specimens collected by the first author: Candelariella flavosorediata from Réunion, Chiodecton leprarioides from Réunion, Lecanactis leprarica from Cameroon, Multisporidea nitida, which is a new species and a new, monotypic genus in the Malmideaceae from Réunion, Neoprotoparmelia fuscosorediata from Kenya, Pyrrhospora endaurantia from Kenya, and Tapellaria isidiata from Cameroon.
Countries/Continents: Africa
Notes: New: Candelariella flavosorediata Kalb & Aptroot (from Réunion), Chiodecton leprarioides Kalb & Aptroot (from Réunion), Lecanactis leprarica Kalb & Aptroot (from Cameroon), Multisporidea Kalb & Aptroot (type: M. nitida), M. nitida Kalb & Aptroot (from Réunion), Neoprotoparmelia fuscosorediata Kalb & Aptroot (from Kenya), Pyrrhospora endaurantia Kalb & Aptroot (from Kenya), Tapellaria isidiata Kalb & Aptroot (from Cameroon).
URL: http://www.fschumm.de/Archive/Vol%2028_Kalb_new%20records%20Africa.pdf
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Abstract: The genus Arthothelium A. Massal. in Tasmania comprises ten species. Five of these are described as new: A. bacidinum Kantvilas, a saxicolous, littoral species with subglobose apothecia, non-macrocephalic ascospores, 25−40 × 11−19 μm, and containing the pigment Endoaurantiacum-gold which yields a K+ red reaction; A. insolitum Kantvilas, lichenicolous in rainforest and characterized by subglobose apothecia, very large, non-macrocephalic ascospores, 50−80 × 22−40 μm, and containing the pigment Interveniens-brown which reacts K+ olive green; A. macounioides Kantvilas, corticolous in wet forest and characterized by sessile, convex apothecia, macrocephalic ascospores, 29−42 × 11−18 μm, and containing the pigment Endoaurantiacum-gold; A. magenteum Kantvilas, a common wet forest epiphyte with applanate apothecia, non-macrocephalic ascospores, 25−55 × 11−22 μm, and containing a unique maroon-red, K+ pink pigment; and A. subtectum Kantvilas, a saxicolous species with convex apothecia, macrocephalic ascospores, 22−36 × 9−14 μm, and containing Endoaurantiacum-gold. The New Zealand species A. endoaurantiacum Makhija & Patw. and A. suffusum (C. Knight) Müll. Arg., and the Australian A. velatium Müll. Arg. are recorded for Tasmania for the first time. The names A. obtusulum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., A. pellucidum (C. Knight) Müll. Arg. and A. polycarpum Müll. Arg. are considered synonyms of the widespread A. ampliatum (C. Knight & Mitten) Müll. Arg. Arthothelium ferax Müll. Arg. is a synonym of A. interveniens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. and A. subspectabile Vĕzda & Kantvilas is a synonym of A. suffusum. The sole record of A. macrothecum (Fée) A. Massal. from Tasmania is found to be based on a misidentification. A key to the species is provided. The importance of apothecial pigments, apothecial morphology and ascospore septation is discussed, and three pigments are characterized by their appearance in water and other standard media.
Countries/Continents: Australia/Australasia
Notes: New (all from Australia): Arthothelium bacidinum Kantvilas, A. insolitum Kantvilas, A. macounioides Kantvilas, A. magenteum Kantvilas, A. subtectum Kantvilas. Includes key to Arthothelium in Tasmania.
URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282921000402
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Abstract: Aim The homogenisation of historically isolated gene pools has been recognised as one of the most serious conservation problems in the Antarctic. Lichens are the dominant components of terrestrial biotas in the Antarctic and in high mountain ranges of southern South America. We study the effects of dispersal strategy and migration history on their genetic structure to better understand the importance of these processes and their interplay in shaping population structure as well as their relevance for conservation. Location Maritime Antarctic and southern South America. Methods Populations of three fruticose lichen species, Usnea aurantiacoatra, U. antarctica and Cetraria aculeata, were collected in different localities in the Maritime Antarctic and southern South America. Usnea aurantiacoatra reproduces sexually by ascospores, whereas the other two species mostly disperse asexually by symbiotic diaspores. Samples were genotyped at 8–22 microsatellite loci. Different diversity and variance metrics, Bayesian cluster analyses and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) were used to study population genetic structure. Historical migration patterns between southern South America and the Antarctic were investigated for U. aurantiacoatra and C. aculeata by approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). Results The two vegetative species display lower levels of genetic diversity than U. aurantiacoatra. Antarctic populations of C. aculeata and South American populations of U. aurantiacoatra display much stronger genetic differentiation than their respective counterparts on the opposite side of the Drake Passage. Usnea antarctica was not found in South America but shows comparably low levels of genetic differentiation in Antarctica as those revealed for U. aurantiacoatra. Phylogeographic histories of lichens in the region differ strongly with recent colonisation in some instances and potential in situ persistence during Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in others. Patterns of genetic diversity indicate the presence of glacial refugia near Navarino Island (South America) and in the South Shetland Islands. ABC analyses suggest that C. aculeata colonised the Antarctic from Patagonia after the LGM. Results for U. aurantiacoatra are ambiguous, indicating a more complex population history than expressed in the simplified scenarios. Main Conclusions Mode of propagation affects levels of genetic diversity, but the location of glacial refugia and postglacial colonisation better explains the diversity patterns displayed by each species. We found evidence for glacial in situ survival of U. aurantiacoatra on both sides of the Drake Passage and postglacial colonisation of Antarctica from South America by C. aculeata. Maintaining the strong genetic differentiation of Antarctic populations of C. aculeata requires strict conservation measures, whereas populations of U. aurantiacoatra are exposed to a much lower risk due to their higher diversity and connectivity.
URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jbi.14101
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Abstract: Lichens are symbiotic associations resulting from interactions among fungi (primary and secondary mycobionts), algae andor cyanobacteria (primary and secondary photobionts), and specific elements of the bacterial microbiome associated with the lichen thallus. The question of what is a species, both concerning the lichen as a whole and its main fungal component, the primary mycobiont, has faced many challenges throughout history and has reached new dimensions with the advent of molecular phylogenetics and phylogenomics. In this paper, we briefly revise the definition of lichens and the scientific and vernacular naming conventions, concluding that the scientific, Latinized name usually associated with lichens invariably refers to the primary mycobiont, whereas the vernacular name encompasses the entire lichen. Although the same lichen mycobiont may produce different phenotypes when associating with different photobionts or growing in axenic culture, this discrete variation does not warrant the application of different scientific names, but must follow the principle "one fungus = one name". Instead, broadly agreed informal designations should be used for such discrete morphologies, such as chloromorph and cyanomorph for lichens formed by the same mycobiont but with either green algae or cyanobacteria. The taxonomic recognition of species in lichen-forming fungi is not different from other fungi and conceptual and nomenclatural approaches follow the same principles. We identify a number of current challenges and provide recommendations to address these. Species delimitation in lichen-forming fungi should not be tailored to particular species concepts but instead be derived from empirical evidence, applying one or several of the following principles in what we call the LPR approach: lineage (L) coherence vs. divergence (phylogenetic component), phenotype (P) coherence vs. divergence (morphological component), andor reproductive (R) compatibility vs. isolation (biological component). Species hypotheses can be established based on either L or P, then using either P or L (plus R) to corroborate them. The reliability of species hypotheses depends not only on the nature and number of characters but also on the context: the closer the relationship andor similarity between species, the higher the number of characters andor specimens that should be analyzed to provide reliable delimitations. Alpha taxonomy should follow scientific evidence and an evolutionary framework but should also offer alternative practical solutions, as long as these are scientifically defendable. Taxa that are delimited phylogenetically but not readily identifiable in the field, or are genuinely cryptic, should not be rejected due to the inaccessibility of proper tools. Instead, they can be provisionally treated as undifferentiated complexes for purposes that do not require precise determinations. The application of infraspecific (gamma) taxonomy should be restricted to cases where there is a biological rationale, i.e., lineages of a species complex that show limited phylogenetic divergence but no evidence of reproductive isolation. Gamma taxonomy should not be used to denote discrete phenotypical variation or ecotypes not warranting the distinction at species level. We revise the species pair concept in lichen-forming fungi, which recognizes sexually and asexually reproducing morphs with the same underlying phenotype as different species. We conclude that in most cases this concept does not hold, but the actual situation is complex and not necessarily correlated with reproductive strategy. In cases where no molecular data are available or where single or multi-marker approaches do not provide resolution, we recommend maintaining species pairs until molecular or phylogenomic data are available. This recommendation is based on the example of the species pair Usnea aurantiacoatra vs. U. antarctica, which can only be resolved with phylogenomic approaches, such as microsatellites or RADseq. Overall, we consider that species delimitation in lichen-forming fungi has advanced dramatically over the past three decades, resulting in a solid framework, but that empirical evidence is still missing for many taxa. Therefore, while phylogenomic approaches focusing on particular examples will be increasingly employed to resolve difficult species complexes, broad screening using single barcoding markers will aid in placing as many taxa as possible into a molecular matrix. We provide a practical protocol how to assess and formally treat taxonomic novelties. While this paper focuses on lichen fungi, many of the aspects discussed herein apply generally to fungal taxonomy. The new combination Arthonia minor (Lücking) Lücking comb. et stat. nov. (Bas.: Arthonia cyanea f. minor Lücking) is proposed.
Notes: New: Arthonia minor (Lücking) Lücking (≡ A. cyanea f. minor Lücking).
URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13225-021-00477-7
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Abstract: Poikilohydric autotrophs are the main colonizers of the permanent ice-free areas in the Antarctic tundra biome. Global climate warming and the small human footprint in this ecosystem make it especially vulnerable to abrupt changes. Elucidating the effects of climate change on the Antarctic ecosystem is challenging because it mainly comprises poikilohydric species, which are greatly influenced by microtopographic factors. In the present study, we investigated the potential effects of climate change on the metabolic activity and net primary photosynthesis (NPP) in the widespread lichen species Usnea aurantiaco-atra. Long-term monitoring of chlorophyll a fluorescence in the field was combined with photosynthetic performance measurements in laboratory experiments in order to establish the daily response patterns under biotic and abiotic factors at micro- and macro-scales. Our findings suggest that macroclimate is a poor predictor of NPP, thereby indicating that microclimate is the main driver due to the strong effects of microtopographic factors on cryptogams. Metabolic activity is also crucial for estimating the NPP, which is highly dependent on the type, distribution, and duration of the hydration sources available throughout the year. Under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, metabolic activity will increase slightly compared with that at present due to the increased precipitation events predicted in MIROC5. Temperature is highlighted as the main driver for NPP projections, and thus climate warming will lead to an average increase in NPP of 167–171% at the end of the century. However, small changes in other drivers such as light and relative humidity may strongly modify the metabolic activity patterns of poikilohydric autotrophs, and thus their NPP. Species with similar physiological response ranges to the species investigated in the present study are expected to behave in a similar manner provided that liquid water is available.
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969722025918
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Abstract: The Tremellales is a large group of the so-called jelly-fungi, initially circumscribed based on the presence of gelatinous basidiocarps, cruciate septate basidia, and spores germinating by repetition (Martin 1945). Some years later, Bandoni (1984, 1987) achieved detailed studies using both light and transmission electron microscopy, and emended the order Tremellales to include taxa with dolipore septa (i. e., septa with a small hole of a particular morphology that allows exchange of cellular contents between adjacent cells) and Tremella-type parenthesomes (i. e., cap shaped membranous structures that cover the dolipores), tremelloid basidia, haploid yeast states, and a predominantly mycoparasitic habit. The Tremellales currently include 33 genera distributed in 11 families: Bulleraceae, Bulleribasidiaceae, Carcinomycetaceae, Cryptococcaceae, Cuniculitremaceae, Naemateliaceae, Phaeotremellaceae, Rhynchogastremaceae, Sirobasidiaceae, Tremellaceae and Trimorphomycetaceae. The monophyly of these families have been confirmed by multigene phylogenies (Liu et al. 2015a). However, the phylogeny presented in this Flora is based only on ITS and nuSLU, because these are the molecular markers available for most lichenicolous taxa. Therefore, several of the currently accepted families are recovered as polyphyletic in our phylogeny. Tremella was earlier the most heterogeneous genus in the Tremellales and repeatedly also proved to be strongly polyphyletic. Chen (1998) divided the genus in different subgroups that later adopted the category of genera (Liu et al. 2015b), and Tremella s. str. (the only genus currently included in the Tremellaceae) is now restricted to the former Mesenterica and Fuciformis groups. A large number of species are, however, still temporarily named ‘Tremella’ although they do not belong in Tremella s. str. or in the family Tremellaceae. That applies, for instance, to all lichenicolous species in the genus, but also to many other non-lichenicolous species. We anticipate that the generic and family delimitation in the Tremellales will suffer from severe rearrangements in the near future. Our taxon sampling for the phylogeny of the Tremellales is clearly biased towards lichenicolous species, and we have only included a few representatives of each of the currently accepted families in the group. All sequenced species of lichenicolousTremellales are, however, included in this tree. The aim of our phylogeny is not to deal with family assignments of the lichenicolous taxa but rather to place the sequenced lichenicolous species, which means 27 of the 58 newly described species – plus one subspecies – in a general phylogenetic framework of the Tremellales. For larger and more evenly sampled phylogenies of the Tremellales, see Liu et al. (2015a, 2015b) and Millanes et al. (2011), but sound phylogenetic hypotheses that include lichenicolous taxa are still missing.
Notes: New: Biatoropsis angulatae Diederich & Millanes (on Usnea angulata from Australia, U.S.A.), B. antarcticae Diederich, Etayo & Millanes (on U. antarctica & U. aurantiaco-atra from Antarctica). B. hirtae Diederich & Millanes (on U. hirta from U.S.A.), B. macaronesica Diederich & Millanes (from New Zealand on U. flavocardia; Portugal on U. macaronesica; Spain on U. esperantiana, U. flavocardia, U. glabrata, U. cf. krogiana, U. sp.), B. nigrescens Diederich, Millanes & F.Berger (from Australia on U. capillacea, U. inermis, U. nidifica, U. subalpina; from New Zealand and Papua New Guinea on U. sp.), B. rubicundae Diederich & Millanes (from Australia on U. rubicunda; Belgium on U. ceratina; France on U. ceratina, U. rubicunda; Luxembourg, on U. ceratina; New Zealand on U. rubicunda; Papua New Guinea on U. rubicunda; Tanzania on U. erinacea; U.S.A. on U. ceratina), Tremella abrothalli Diederich & Goward (in Abrothallus parmeliarum on Nesolechia oxyspora on Parmelia saxatilis from Canada), T. acarosporae Diederich & Hollinger (on Acarospora from U.S.A.), T. alectoriae Diederich & Holien (on Alectoria sarmentosa from Norway), T. aptrootii Diederich & Common (on Astrothelium sp. from Brazil, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and U.S.A.), T. aspiciliae Diederich, Coppins & A.Fletcher (on Aspicilia caesiocinerea from United Kingdom), T. brodoae (P.Pinault & Cl.Roux) Diederich, Millanes & Hafellner (≡ Epicladonia brodoae P. Pinault & Cl. Roux), T. cervina Diederich & Millanes (on Cetraria ericetorum from Switzerland), T. cetraculeata Diederich, Millanes & Hollinger (on Cetraria aculeate from Canada), T. cetrariae Diederich, Millanes, F.Berger & Zamora (on Cetraria islandica from Austria & Spain), T. confluens Pippola, Diederich & Goward (on Usnea longissima from Canada & U.S.A.), T. conidioparmotrema Diederich, Etayo & Millanes (on Parmotrema sp. from Ecuador), T. conidiopunctelia Diederich, Millanes, Lendemer, D.P.Waters & Giavarini (on Punctelia caseana from U.S.A.; P. subrudecta from United Kingdom), T. conidiopunctelia subsp. parmelinellae Diederich, Millanes, Common & Lawrey (on Parmelinella amazonica from U.S.A.), T. coniocarpi Diederich & Common (on Coniocarpon cinnabarinum from U.S.A.), T. emmanueliae Diederich & Aptroot (on Emmanuelia ornata & E. cf. excisa from Brazil), T. ertzii Diederich (on Pertusaria sp. from Japan and Mauritius), T. flakusii Diederich, Millanes, Rodr.Flakus & Aptroot (on Crocodia aurata from Brazil; C. clathrata from Bolivia), T. flavoparmeliae Diederich, Hodkinson & Millanes (on Flavoparmelia caperata from U.S.A.), T. graphidicola Diederich & Common (on Graphis assimilis, G. sp. from U.S.A.), T. herpothalli Diederich, Flakus, Rodr.Flakus, Etayo & Palice (on Herpothallon sp. from Bolivia & Ecuador), T. lecidellae Diederich & Brackel (on Lecidella elaeochroma from Italy & U.S.A.), T. leprae Diederich & W. R.Buck (on Lepra oahuensis from U.S.A.), T. leprariae Diederich (on Lepraria finkii from U.S.A.), T. leucodermiae Diederich, Etayo, Flakus & Millanes (on Leucodermia leucomelos & L. vulgaris from Bolivia; L. leucomelos from Ecaudor), T. nephromopsidis Diederich (on Nephromopsis orbata from U.S.A.), T. occultixanthoriae Diederich, Geyselings & Millanes (on Xanthoria parietina from Belgium), T. octosporae Diederich & Sérus. (on Agonimia octospora from France), T. pacificae Diederich & van den Boom (on Agonimia pacifica from Dominican Republic), T. parmogardneri Diederich, Etayo & Millanes (on Parmotrema gardneri from Bolivia & U.S.A.), T. parmohypotropi Diederich, Gockman & Millanes (on Parmotrema hypotropum from U.S.A.), T. parmoperforati Diederich & Millanes (on Parmotrema perforatum from U.S.A.), T. pertuceracea Diederich, Flakus & Rodr.Flakus (on Pertusaria sp. from Bolivia), T. pertusae Diederich, Millanes, Brackel & Etayo (on Pertusaria pertusa from Germany, Italy & Spain), T. pertusariicola Diederich, Flakus, Etayo & Rodr.Flakus (on Pertusaria cf. rigida & P. sp. from Bolivia), T. pertutexanae Diederich, Millanes & Common (on Pertusaria texana from U.S.A.), T. pertuthalamiae Diederich & Millanes (on Pertusaria sp. from Taiwan, P. tetrathalamia from U.S.A.), T. pinaultii Diederich & Millanes (on Hypogymnia physodes from France), T. pisutiellae Diederich & W.R.Buck (on Pisutiella conversa from U.S.A.), T. placynthiellae Diederich & W.R.Buck (on Placynthiella icmalea from U.S.A.), T. pseudocyphellariae Diederich, Millanes & Ertz (on Pseudocyphellaria desfontainii from Madagascar & Mauritius; on P. argyracea, P. crocata, P. insculpta, P. intricata, P. multifida & P. sp. from Papua New Guinea), T. puncteliae Diederich, Etayo & Millanes (on P. borreri from Mexico), T. puncteliotegens Diederich, Etayo & Millanes (on Punctelia borreri from New Zealand), T. purpurascentis Diederich, Common & Millanes (on Dirinaria purpurascens from U.S.A.), T. pyrenaica Diederich, Poumarat, Daval & Millanes (on Lecanora gr. polytropa from France), T. ramboldiae Diederich & W.R.Buck (on Ramboldia haematites from U.S.A.), T. rhabdodisci Diederich, Thor, Ertz & Millanes (on Rhabdodiscus inalbescens from Japan), T. robusta Diederich, Ertz, van den Boom & Millanes (on Dendrographa franciscana from U.S.A.), T. sarcographae Diederich & Aptroot (on Sarcographa medusulina from Brazil), T. strigulae Diederich (on Strigula stigmatella from U.S.A.), T. synarthoniae Diederich & Common (on Synarthonia inconspicua from U.S.A.), T. teloschistis Diederich, Gockman, Walden & Millanes (on Teloschistes exilis from U.S.A.), T. tornabeae Diederich, Etayo, Pérez-Ortega & Millanes (on Tornabea scutellifera from Spain), T. xanthomendozae Diederich, C.A.Morse & Brinker (on Xanthomendoza weberi from Canada & U.S.A.), T. zamorae Diederich & Millanes (on Lecanora louisianae from U.S.A.).
URL: https://ps.mnhn.lu/pub/FloraLichenicolousFungi1.pdf
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Abstract: In this study we present an analysis of the Pyrenula ochraceoflava group (Pyrenulaceae), focusing on the Neotropics and based on morphological, chemical, and molecular data of the mtSSU, nuLSU and ITS markers. We described three new species from tropical dry forests of Mexico, confirm the monophyly of the P. ochraceoflava group and provide evidence for the inclusion of species currently placed in the genus Mazaediothecium within Pyrenula. Pyrenula aurantiacoretis sp. nov. is characterized by an orange pigment covering the thallus in net-like fashion, muriform ascospores with 4 rows of 1–4 cells each, 12–15.5 × 8–10.5 µm, and 7-chloroemodin and emodin as major compounds. Pyrenula connexa sp. nov. is closely related to Mazaediothecium album, being characterized by mazaedioid pyrenocarps, basal and lateral excipular carbonization, highly variable mature ascospores, 1-septate to submuriform, thallus with abundant white verrucae, and lichexanthone as major compound. Pyrenula moldenkeorum sp. nov. is characterized by an orange thallus, submuriform ascospores that frequently show pigmented septa forming a cross septation pattern, 7.5–11 × 5.5–8.5 µm in size, and 7-chloroemodin and emodin as major compounds. The taxonomy of the most common and widespread species of the group, P. ochraceoflava and P. ochraceoflavens, is briefly discussed, presenting evidence to support the consideration of P. ochraceoflava as a species complex. The two species Mazaedothecium album and M. mohamedii are transferred to Pyrenula as P. aptrootiana nom. nov. [non Pyrenula alba (Schrad.) A.Massal.] and P. mohamedii comb. nov.
Countries/Continents: Mexico/Central America
Notes: New: Pyrenula aptrootiana Lücking, Herrera-Camp., Bungartz, & R.Miranda nom. nov. pro. Mazaediothecium album Aptroot non P. alba (Schrad.) A.Massal., P. aurantiacoretis R.Miranda, Bungartz, Lücking & Herrera-Camp., P. connexa R.Miranda, Lücking, Gaya & Herrera-Camp., P. moldenkeorum R.Miranda, Bungartz, Lücking & Herrera-Camp., P. mohamedii (H.Harada & Yoshik.Yamam.) R.Miranda, Lücking, Bungartz & Herrera-Camp. (≡ Mazaediothecium mohamedii H.Harada & Yoshik.Yamam.). Includes key to P. ochraceoflava group.
URL: https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-125.4.541
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Abstract: Lichens can survive and cope with unsufficient water supply resulting in low intrathalline relative water content. Under such conditions, photosynthesis is negatively affected by different degree of dehydration. In our study, fully hydrated samples of Xanthoria elegans, Umbilicaria decussata and Usnea aurantiaco-atra were light-acclimated and during following desiccation from a fully hydrated to dry state, steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence (FS), effective quantum yield of photochemical processes in PSII (ФPSII), and nonphotochemical quenching (qN) were measured in response to decreasing relative water content (RWC). The three experimental lichen species showed a high desiccation tolerance. The desiccation-induced decrease in ФPSII was found in X. elegans, U. decussata and U. aurantiaco-atra, at the RWC values below 30%. This is well comparable to the evidence reached in other Arctic Antarctic lichen species. Interspecific differences in desiccation tolerance of these selected Antarctic lichens, based on the analysis of photosystem II effectivity and quenching mechanisms, were described and discussed.
URL: https://doi.org/10.5817/CPR2022-1-3
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Abstract: The species Immersaria cupreoatra has been included in Bellemerea. This caused us to reconsider the relationships between Bellemerea and the lecanorine species of Immersaria and to question the monophyly of Immersaria. Amongst 25 genera of the family Lecideaceae, most have lecideine apothecia, the exceptions being Bellemerea and Koerberiella, which have lecanorine apothecia. According to previous classifications, Immersaria included species with both lecanorine and lecideine apothecia. A five-loci phylogenetic tree (nrITS, nrLSU, RPB1, RPB2, and mtSSU) for Lecideaceae showed that Immersaria was split into two clades: firstly, all the lecideine apotheciate species and secondly, all the lecanorine apotheciate species. The latter clade was closely related to the remaining lecanorine apotheciate genera: Bellemerea and Koerberiella. Therefore, the genus concept of Immersaria is revised accordingly and a new lecanorine genus Lecaimmeria is proposed. Furthermore, four new species for Immersaria and seven new species and three new combinations for the new genus Lecaimmeria are proposed. Keys to Immersaria and the new genus Lecaimmeria are provided.
Countries/Continents: Asia
Notes: New (from China): Immersaria aurantia C.M.Xie & Li S.Wang, I. ferruginea C.M.Xie & Li S.Wan, I. shangrilaensis C.M.Xie & Lu L.Zhang, I. venusta C.M.Xie & Xin Y.Wang, Lecaimmeria C.M.Xie, Lu L.Zhang & Li S.Wang (type L. orbicularis), L. orbicularis C.M.Xie & Lu L.Zhang, L. botryoides C.M.Xie & Li S.Wang, L. cupreoatra (Nyl.) C.M.Xie (≡ Lecanora cupreoatra Nyl.), L. iranica (Valadb., Sipman & Rambold) C.M.Xie (≡ I. iranica Valadb., Sipman & Rambold), L. lygaea C.M.Xie & Lu L.Zhang, L. mehadiana (Calatayud & Rambold) C.M.Xie (≡ I. mehadiana Calatayud & Rambold), L. mongolica C.M.Xie & Lu L.Zhang, L. orbicularis C.M.Xie & Lu L.Zhang, L. qinghaiensis C.M.Xie & Li S.Wang, L. tibetica C.M.Xie & Xin Y.Wang, L. tuberculosa C.M.Xie & Xin Y.Wang. Includes keys to both genera in China.
URL: https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/72614/
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Abstract: The U.S. endemic lichen (Niebla homalea)-derived Penicillium aurantiacobrunneum produced a cytotoxic paxisterol derivative named auransterol (2) and epi-citreoviridin (6). Feeding assay using 13C1-labelled sodium acetate not only produced C-13-labelled paxisterol but also confirmed the biosynthetic origin of the compound. The fluorination of bioactive compounds is known to improve pharmacological and pharmacokinetic effects. Our attempt to incorporate the fluorine atom in paxisterol and its derivatives using the fluorinated precursor sodium monofluoroacetate resulted in the isolation of 7-monofluoroacetyl paxisterol (7). The performed culture experiment, as well as the isolation and structure elucidation of the new fluorinated paxisterol, is discussed herein.
URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/5/1641
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Abstract: This article is the 14th in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein we report 98 taxa distributed in two phyla, seven classes, 26 orders and 50 families which are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were collected from Australia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, China, Cyprus, Egypt, France, French Guiana, India, Indonesia, Italy, Laos, Mexico, Russia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. There are 59 new taxa, 39 new hosts and new geographical distributions with one new combination. The 59 new species comprise Angustimassarina kunmingense, Asterina lopi, Asterina brigadeirensis, Bartalinia bidenticola, Bartalinia caryotae, Buellia pruinocalcarea, Coltricia insularis, Colletotrichum flexuosum, Colletotrichum thasutense, Coniochaeta caraganae, Coniothyrium yuccicola, Dematipyriforma aquatic, Dematipyriforma globispora, Dematipyriforma nilotica, Distoseptispora bambusicola, Fulvifomes jawadhuvensis, Fulvifomes malaiyanurensis, Fulvifomes thiruvannamalaiensis, Fusarium purpurea, Gerronema atrovirens, Gerronema flavum, Gerronema keralense, Gerronema kuruvense, Grammothele taiwanensis, Hongkongmyces changchunensis, Hypoxylon inaequale, Kirschsteiniothelia acutisporum, Kirschsteiniothelia crustaceum, Kirschsteiniothelia extensum, Kirschsteiniothelia septemseptatum, Kirschsteiniothelia spatiosum, Lecanora immersocalcarea, Lepiota subthailandica, Lindgomyces guizhouensis, Marthe asmius pallidoaurantiacus, Marasmius tangerinus, Neovaginatispora mangiferae, Pararamichloridium aquisubtropicum, Pestalotiopsis piraubensis, Phacidium chinaum, Phaeoisaria goiasensis, Phaeoseptum thailandicum, Pleurothecium aquisubtropicum, Pseudocercospora vernoniae, Pyrenophora verruculosa, Rhachomyces cruralis, Rhachomyces hyperommae, Rhachomyces magrinii, Rhachomyces platyprosophi, Rhizomarasmius cunninghamietorum, Skeletocutis cangshanensis, Skeletocutis subchrysella, Sporisorium anadelphiae-leptocomae, Tetraploa dashaoensis, Tomentella exiguelata, Tomentella fuscoaraneosa, Tricholomopsis lechatii, Vaginatispora flavispora and Wetmoreana blastidiocalcarea. The new combination is Torula sundara. The 39 new records on hosts and geographical distribution comprise Apiospora guiyangensis, Aplosporella artocarpi, Ascochyta medicaginicola, Astrocystis bambusicola, Athelia rolfsii, Bambusicola bambusae, Bipolaris luttrellii, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Chlorophyllum squamulosum, Colletotrichum aeschynomenes, Colletotrichum pandanicola, Coprinopsis cinerea, Corylicola italica, Curvularia alcornii, Curvularia senegalensis, Diaporthe foeniculina, Diaporthe longicolla, Diaporthe phaseolorum, Diatrypella quercina, Fusarium brachygibbosum, Helicoma aquaticum, Lepiota metulispora, Lepiota pongduadensis, Lepiota subvenenata, Melanconiella meridionalis, Monotosporella erecta, Nodulosphaeria digitalis, Palmiascoma gregariascomum, Periconia byssoides, Periconia cortaderiae, Pleopunctum ellipsoideum, Psilocybe keralensis, Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium dehoogii, Scedosporium marina, Spegazzinia deightonii, Torula fici, Wiesneriomyces laurinus and Xylaria venosula. All these taxa are supported by morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses. This article allows the researchers to publish fungal collections which are important for future studies. An updated, accurate and timely report of fungus-host and fungus-geography is important. We also provide an updated list of fungal taxa published in the previous fungal diversity notes. In this list, erroneous taxa and synonyms are marked and corrected accordingly.
Notes: New (all from Brazil): Buellia pruinocalcarea Aptroot, M.F.Souza & Spielmann, Lecanora immersocalcarea Aptroot, M.F.Souza & Spielmann, Wetmoreana blastidiocalcarea Aptroot, M.F.Souza & Spielmann.
URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-022-00513-0
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Abstract: This paper clarifies the taxonomy and nomenclature of a characteristic calcicolous lichen, former- ly called Caloplaca subochracea auct., which is widespread in coastal areas of the Mediterranean region. In spite of being easily recognizable, this lichen was often misunderstood, and has a very complicated nomenclatural history. The analysis of the type material of Callopisma marmoratum Bagl., described from Sardinia in 1879, revealed that it is identical to Caloplaca subochracea auct., and has nothing to do with the lichen currently called Xanthocarpia marmorata (Bagl.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting. The results of molecular analysis showed that Caloplaca subochracea auct. belongs to Gyalolechia, and that two closely related species can be recognized; formerly these were treated as varieties with differently pigmented thalli, and are recombined here as Gyalolechia marmorata (Bagl.) Nimis & Arup, and G. luteococcinea (Clauzade & Cl. Roux) Cl. Roux, M. Bertrand & Arup. Finally, the name Xanthocarpia fulva (Harm.) Nav.-Ros. & Cl. Roux, is introduced to replace Xanthocarpia marmorata.
Notes: New: Gyalolechia luteococcinea (Cl.Roux) Cl.Roux, M.Bertrand & Arup (≡ Caloplaca subochracea var. luteococcinea Cl.Roux), G. marmorata (Bagl.) Nimis & Arup (≡ Callopisma marmoratum Bagl.), Xanthocarpia fulva (Harm.) Nav.-Ros. & Roux (≡ Lecanora lactea f. fulva Harm.), Variospora africana (Flagey) Cl. Roux (≡ Caloplaca aurantiaca var. africana Flagey).
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.7320/Borziana.004.033
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Abstract: Noteworthy records of forty-three lichens and allied fungi are presented based on recent collections from Ontario, Canada. Three species, Agonimia borysthenica, Arthonia subconveniens (on Ricasolia quercizans) and Lecanographa abscondita are reported for the first time from North America. Eleven species, Erythricium aurantiacum (on Physcia millegrana), Hypotrachyna showmanii, Leptogium arsenei, Opegrapha rupestris (on Bagliettoa), Pronectria tibellii (on Cladonia pocillum), Punctelia missouriensis, Thelidium zwackhii, Tremella imshaugiae (on Imshaugia aleurites), Verrucaria bryoctona, Vezdaea schuyleriana and Vouauxiella lichenicola (on Lecanora) are reported for the first time from Canada. Eleven species, Absconditella sphagnorum, Agonimia gelatinosa, Didymocyrtis xanthomendozae (on Xanthomendoza hasseana), Distopyrenis americana, Lichenochora obscuroides (on Phaeophyscia pusilloides and P. sciastra), Paranectria oropensis (on Lecanora and P. rubropulchra), Pertusaria sommerfeltii, Raesaenenia huuskonenii (on Bryoria fuscescens), Stereocaulon depreaultii, Thrombium epigaeum and Trichonectria rubefaciens (on Aspicilia) are reported as new to Ontario. Details on 18 additional rare or otherwise rarely collected species new to various counties and districts of the province are also provided. These include: Abrothallus microspermus (on Flavoparmelia caperata), Ahtiana aurescens, Athelia arachnoidea (on Physcia millegrana), Blennothallia crispa, Chaenothecopsis brevipes (on Inoderma byssaceum), C. rubescens (on I. byssaceum), Cladonia dimorphoclada, Corticifraga fuckelii (on Peltigera evansiana), Didymocyrtis cladoniicola (on Cladonia), Hypotrachyna revoluta, Lepra panyrga, Marchandiomyces corallinus (on Parmelia squarrosa and Physcia thomsoniana), Muellerella hospitans (on Bacidia rubella), Refractohilum peltigerae (on Peltigera evansiana), Reichlingia leopoldii, Sarcosagium campestre, Steinia geophana and Vezdaea acicularis
Countries/Continents: Canada/North America
URL: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/op/biblio_details.php?irn=486785
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Abstract: Eight lichenicolous species of Arthonia from Tasmania are treated. Two are described as new: A. aurantia Kantvilas & Motiej., which infects the thallus of a Leprocaulon-like lichen and is characterised by vivid orange, K+ magenta ascomata, 0.07−0.1(−0.15) mm wide, and 1-septate, macrocephalic ascospores, 10−12.5(−13.5) × 4−5.5 μm; and A. endocarpa Kantvilas & Motiej., which infects the apothecia of Amandinea neoconglomerata Elix, and has non-amyloid asci interspersed with those of the host, and is characterised by 1-septate, macrocephalic ascospores, 8.5−13 × 4.5−6 μm. Two other species, A. epiphyscia Nyl. and A. stictaria Nyl., are here recorded for Tasmania for the first time. Salient features of all species are compared.
Countries/Continents: Australia/Australasia
Notes: New (from Australia): Arthonia aurantia Kantvilas & Motiej. (on unidentified Leprocaulon-like lichen), A. endocarpa Kantvilas & Motiej. (on Amandinea neoconglomerata).
URL: https://doi.org/10.12697/fce.2023.60.03
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Keywords: CALCIPHYTES ENDEMIC SPECIES ISLAND DIVERSITY SOIL CRUSTS RARE SPECIES
Abstract: 136 lichens are reported from San Nicolas Island. Sequences for Niebla ramosissima and Aspicilia aurantiaca are published.
Countries/Continents: U.S.A./North America
URL: http://www.fschumm.de/Archive/Vol%2033_Knudsen_San%20Nicolas.pdf
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Abstract: Lichenicolous fungi associated with Xanthoria calcicola s. lat. are studied in southernmost Scandinavia, i.e., Skåne, the southernmost province in Sweden and southern Denmark. Two species, Didymocyrtis slaptoensis and Pyrenochaeta xantho riae, are reported as new for the Nordic countries, whereas three species, Didymocyrtis cf. consimilis, Erythricium aurantiacum, and Illosporiopsis christiansenii are recorded for the first time from Skåne. New localities for rare lichenicolous fungi from southern Scandinavia and southernmost Denmark are also listed. Notes on the taxonomy and ecology of Telogalla olivieri and Pyrenochaeta xanthoriae are provided.
URL: https://doi.org/10.12697/fce.2023.60.12
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Abstract: Lendemeriella luteoaurantia B.G. Lee is described as a new lichen species from South Korea. The new species is identified by smaller, yellow-orange apothecia, larger ascospores with wider septum width, and the absence of Cinereorufa-green pigment and teloschistin, different from the closest species, L. aureopruinosa I.V. Frolov, Vondrák, Arup, Konoreva, S. Chesnokov, Yakovczenko and Davydov in morphology and chemistry. Molecular phylogeny employing internal transcribed spacer (nuITS), nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA (nuLSU), and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) sequences strongly supports the new species as nonidentical in the genus Lendemeriella. A preliminary key is provided to assist in the identification of all 10 species of Lendemeriella.
Countries/Continents: South Korea/Asia
Notes: New: Lendemeriella luteoaurantia B.G.Lee (from South Korea). Includes key to Lendemeriella.
URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/d15070845
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URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T180146277A180169751.es
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Abstract: Background: Lichens are complex symbiotic associations between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium. Due to their great adaptability to the environment, they have managed to colonize many terrestrial habitats, presenting a worldwide distribution from the poles to the tropical regions and from the plains to the highest mountains. In the flora of the Antarctic region, lichens stand out due to their variety and development and are a potential source of new bioactive compounds. Methods: A phytochemical study of the Antarctic lichen Usnea aurantiaco-atra (Jacq) Bory was conducted with the intention of determining the most important metabolites. In addition, the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of its extracts were determined. Results: Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the hexane extract contains usnic acid as a majority metabolite, in addition to linoleic acid, ergosterols and terpenes, and demonstrates cytotoxic activity against an A375 melanoma cell line. On the other hand, the presence of total phenols in the extracts did not influence their antioxidant activity. Conclusions: U. aurantiaco-atra contains mainly usnic acid, although there are terpenes and ergosta compounds that could be responsible for its cytotoxic activity. The presence of phenols did not confer antioxidant properties.
URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28217317
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Abstract: Lichens were investigated in two upland areas in Brazil from which lichens were described in historical times. The main aim was to recollect topotypes, but 37 species turned out to be new records for Brazil. Also, 25 new lichen species are described, all from South Brazil: Acarospora aggregata, Allographa triangularis, Arthotheliopsis corticola, Astrothelium flavocrystallinum, Astrothelium flavoinspersum, Astrothelium macrostromaticum, Caloplaca fuscospora, Caloplaca marginireflectans, Cladonia sticticocrustosa, Cladonia xanthozebrina, Dichosporidium fibrosum, Dichosporidium lanosum, Fissurina aggregata, Fuscidea lobata, Gyalidea concava, Gyalideopsis crenata, Gyalideopsis hyalinocoronata, Hypotrachyna aurantiacoreagens, Hypotrachyna cauliflora, Jamesiella clavata, Jamesiella elongata, Porina lateralis, Pseudopyrenula muriformis, Rhizocarpon sorediosubmuriforme, and Thelidium mucosoides. The collection includes two further crustose Cladonia species in this mostly fruticose genus, and almost doubles the number of species in Jamesiella. Furthermore, 149 species are reported from São Paulo state for the first time, 74 from Rio de Janeiro, 10 from Minas Gerais, and four from Espírito Santos.
Countries/Continents: Brazil/South America
Notes: New (from Brazil): Acarospora aggregata Aptroot & Oliveira Jr, Allographa triangularis Aptroot, Arthotheliopsis corticola Aptroot & M.Cáceres, Astrothelium flavocrystallinum Aptroot, As. flavoinspersum Aptroot, As. macrostromaticum Aptroot, Caloplaca fuscospora Aptroot, Ca. marginireflectans Aptroot & Fraga Jr, Cladonia sticticocrustosa Aptroot, Cladonia xanthozebrina Aptroot, Dichosporidium fibrosum Aptroot, D. lanosum Aptroot, Fissurina aggregata Aptroot, Fuscidea lobata Aptroot, Gyalidea concava Aptroot & M.Cáceres, Gyalideopsis crenata Aptroot & M.Cáceres, Gyalideopsis hyalinocoronata Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Hypotrachyna aurantiacoreagens Aptroot, H. cauliflora Aptroot, Jamesiella clavata Aptroot & M.Cáceres, J. elongata Aptroot & M.Cáceres, Porina lateralis Aptroot, Pseudopyrenula muriformis Aptroot, Rhizocarpon sorediosubmuriforme Aptroot, Thelidium mucosoides Aptroot.
URL: https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-127.1.066
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Abstract: We describe 43 new lichen species in the family Graphidaceae, mainly from the Amazon basin: Fissurina bispora, F. diamantica, F. endothallina, F. lirelloreagens, F. reticulolirellina, Graphis inspersonorstictica, G. polystriatosubmuriformis, G. viridithallina, Heiomasia hypostictica, Leucodecton aurantiacum, Mangoldia thallolomoides, Myriochapsa negativa, M. triseptata, Myriotrema inspersosticticum, M. reticulatum, M. roseum, M. xanthonicum, Ocellularia coronatoverrucosa, O. griseosorediata, O. inspersomuriformis, O. inspersulascens, O. microschizidiata, O. norsorediata, O. pallidocolumellata, O. pedicellata, O. pertusella, O. pseudocyphellata, O. psorinspersa, O. psorsorediata, O. roseoisidiata, O. sorediopseudochapsa, O. verruciinspersa, O. vulcanica, O. wirthiotremoides, Phaeographis aureopruinosa, P. coccinea, P. fuscobilabiata, P. macrocephalica, P. norscalpturata, P. pallidoxanthonica, Rhabdodiscus lineatus, Stegobolus negativus, and Thalloloma xanthohypoleptum (the last species also from Puerto Rico). Relatively many are fertile but also form vegetative propagules. A few of the species contain no mature ascospores, but are so deviating from any other described species that we decided to describe them nonetheless. Also, we propose the following 22 new combinations for species of Graphidaceae that were previously described from Brazil and currently are accepted species but were so far assigned to the other genera: Allographa basaltica (≡ Graphis basaltica Kremp.), A. brevissima (≡ Graphis brevissima Fée), A. byrsonimae (≡ Graphina byrsonimae Redinger), A. heteroplaca (≡ Graphina heteroplaca Müll.Arg.), A. platypoda (≡ Phaeographina platypoda Zahlbr.), A. pseudoserpens (≡ Graphis pseudoserpens Chaves & Lücking), A. subargentata (≡ Graphis subargentata S.C.Feuerst., Dal Forno & Eliasaro), A. tricolorata (≡ Graphina tricolorata Redinger), Diorygma album (≡ Graphina alba Müll.Arg.), Fissurina adscripturiens (≡ Graphis adscripturiens Nyl.), F. egenella (≡ Graphina egenella Müll.Arg.), Graphis fasciata (≡ Ustalia fasciata Eschw.), Mangoldia lecideicarpa (≡ Graphina lecideicarpa Zahlbr.), O. endocrocea (≡ O. cinchonarum var. endocrocea Müll.Arg.), O. minarum (≡ Thelotrema minarum Vain.), Phaeographis atrolabiata (≡ Phaeographina atrolabiata Redinger), Phaeographis cheilomegas (≡ Graphis cheilomegas Fée), P. coriaria (≡ Phaeographina coriaria M.Wirth & Hale), P. crassa (≡ Platygramme crassa Fée), P. oxalifera (≡ Phaeographina oxalifera Redinger), P. scriptitata (≡ Phaeographina scriptitata C.W.Dodge), and Stegobolus trachodes (≡ Thelotrema trachodes Nyl.). Finally, we report several species new to Brazil or to one of the states: Allographa pitmanii new to Amapá, Cryptoschizotrema minus new to Alagoas, Glaucotrema glaucophaenum new to Amapá, Graphis pyrrhocheiloides new to Amapá, Graphis subserpentina new to Pará, Melanotrema astrolucens new to Brazil in Amazonas and Pará, Myriotrema hartii new to Amazonas, O. bullata new to Brazil in Pará, O. inspersipallens new to Brazil in Rondônia, O. jutaratiae new to Amapá, O. parvidisca new to Brazil in Amapá, O. rondoniana new to Alagoas, and Thelotrema wilsoniorum new to Brazil in Amapá.
Countries/Continents: Brazil/South America
Notes: New (from Brazil unless otherwise noted): Allographa basaltica (Kremp.) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Graphis basaltica Kremp.), A. brevissima (Fée) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Graphis brevissima Fée), A. byrsonimae (Redinger) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Graphina byrsonimae Redinger), A. heteroplaca (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Graphina heteroplaca Müll.Arg.), A. platypoda (Zahlbr.) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Phaeographina platypoda Zahlbr.), A. pseudoserpens (Chaves & Lücking) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Graphis pseudoserpens Chaves & Lücking), A. subargentata (S.C.Feuerst., Dal Forno & Eliasaro) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Graphis subargentata S.C. Feuerst., Dal Forno & Eliasaro), A. tricolorata (Redinger) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Graphina tricolorata Redinger), Diorygma album (Müll.Arg.) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Graphina alba Müll.Arg.), Fissurina adscripturiens (Nyl.) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Graphis adscripturiens Nyl.), F. bispora Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, F. diamantica Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, F. egenella (Müll.Arg.) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Graphina egenella Müll. Arg.), F. endothallina Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, F. lirelloreagens Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, F. reticulolirellina Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Graphis fasciata (Eschw.) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Ustalia fasciata Eschw.), Graphis inspersonorstictica Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Graphis polystriatosubmuriformis Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Graphis viridithallina Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Heiomasia hypostictica Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Leucodecton aurantiacum Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Mangoldia lecideicarpa (Zahlbr.) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Graphina lecideicarpa Zahlbr.), Ma. thallolomoides Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Myriochapsa negativa Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Myriochapsa triseptata Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Myriotrema inspersosticticum Aptroot, Lücking &M.Cáceres, Myriotrema reticulatum Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Myriotrema roseum Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Myriotrema xanthonicum Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Ocellularia coronatoverrucosa Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, O. endocrocea (Müll.Arg.) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ O. cinchonarum var. endocrocea Müll. Arg.), O. griseosorediata Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, O. inspersomuriformis Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, O. inspersulascens Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, O. microschizidiata Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, O. minarum (Vain.) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Thelotrema minarum Vain.), O. norsorediata Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, O. pallidocolumellata Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, O. pedicellata Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, O. pertusella Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, O. pseudocyphellata Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Ocellularia psorinspersa Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, O. psorsorediata Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, O. roseoisidiata Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, O. sorediopseudochapsa Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, O. verruciinspersa Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, O. vulcanica Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, O. wirthiotremoides Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Phaeographis atrolabiata (Redinger) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Phaeographina atrolabiata Redinger), Phaeographis aureopruinosa Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Phaeographis cheilomegas (Fée) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Graphis cheilomegas Fée, lectotypified), Phaeographis coccinea Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Phaeographis coriaria (M.Wirth & Hale) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Phaeographina coriaria M.Wirth & Hale), Phaeographis crassa (Fée) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Platygramme crassa Fée), Phaeographis fuscobilabiata Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Phaeographis macrocephalica Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Phaeographis norscalpturata Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Phaeographis oxalifera (Redinger) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Phaeographina oxalifera Redinger), Phaeographis pallidoxanthonica Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Phaeographis scriptitata (C.W.Dodge) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Phaeographina scriptitata C.W.Dodge), Rhabdodiscus lineatus Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, Stegobolus negativus Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, S. trachodes (Nyl.) Lücking, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (≡ Thelotrema trachodes Nyl.), Thalloloma xanthohypoleptum Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres (from Brazil & Puerto Rico).
URL: https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-127.1.022
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Abstract: Caloplaca ruderum is reported as new to Sweden from three localities. Based on a phylogenetic analysis it is transferred to the genus Flavoplaca, where the closest relatives are F. communis, F. maritima and F. havaasii. In addition, Caloplaca sol and C. itiana are transferred to Flavoplaca. The identities of C. itiana, C. calcitrapa, and C. dalmatica in the sense of British treatments are discussed.
Countries/Continents: Sweden/Europe
Notes: New: Flavoplaca itiana (Cl.Roux, M.Boulanger & Malle) Arup & Søchting (≡ Caloplaca itiana Cl.Roux, M.Boulanger & Malle), F. ruderum (Malbr.) Arup & Søchting (≡ Lecanora aurantiaca var. rudera Malbr.), F. sol (Orange) Arup & Søchting (≡ Caloplaca sol Orange).
URL: https://nhm2.uio.no/botanisk/lav/Graphis/36_6/GS_36_113.pdf
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Abstract: The global diversity of approximately 25,000 lichen species (e.g., from the genera Usnea, Cladonia, and Peltigera), including rare and endangered ones, highlights the importance of preserving their population in the State National Nature Park “Burabay”. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of rare lichen species in the territory of the State National Nature Park “Burabay,” located in the Akmola region of Kazakhstan, in the period from 2018 to 2022, with a particular focus on understanding how aridification may have influenced their presence and abundance. In the course of the study, methods such as route expeditions, the comparative morphological method, as well as some other special methods were used. The collection of information to systematize the taxonomic composition of lichens (genera Lobaria, Rhizocarpon, and Xanthoria) was carried out during route expeditions. The study identified 56 lichen species, with a focus on rare and protected species. Established in 2000, the park's rich biodiversity is showcased, including the discovery of three very rare species (Dermatocarpon miniatum, Psora lurida, and Verrucaria nigrescens) and four species requiring protection (Peltigera spuria, Cladonia coccifera, Haematomma ventosum, and Caloplaca aurantiaca). These findings are significant, considering the absence of data on these species since the 1982 Red Book of Kazakhstan (including genera such as Lecanora, Lecidea, and Pertusaria). The sensitivity of lichens to environmental changes (indicated by genera like Alectoria, Bryoria, and Cetraria) makes them ideal for monitoring ecological health through a cost-effective method known as lichen indication. The increase in the species count over the past five years (highlighting genera such as Stereocaulon, Solorina, and Thamnolia) suggests effective conservation efforts and underlines the park's ecological importance. The study's findings reveal that aridification is reshaping lichen communities in the park, emphasizing their sensitivity to climate change and the need for conservation strategies to address these changes and ensure the preservation of lichen biodiversity in the face of global climate change. The research contributes valuable data for future conservation planning and environmental assessments in the region, emphasizing the need to protect diverse lichen genera (e.g., Evernia, Ramalina, and Parmotrema) for ecological monitoring and conservation.
Countries/Continents: Kazakhstan/Asia
URL: https://doi.org/10.15421/012414
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Abstract: Evolutionary biologists have long pursued understanding the continuum in which populations flow, interact, and evolve, which can ultimately lead to divergence into distinct species. Lichens, which are often defined as intricate ecosystems, exhibit remarkable evolutionary mechanisms that challenge conventional definitions of speciation. A particularly notable phenomenon in lichens is the species-pair concept, in which closely related taxa only differ in their reproductive strategies − one reproducing sexually, the other asexually. We investigated this concept in the iconic beard-like lichen Usnea by comparing three species pairs: U. aurantiacoatraU. antarctica, U. floridaU. subfloridana and U. intermediaU. perplexans. Using reference-based RADseq data and applying multivariate and model-based genomic population methods, we evaluated genomic differentiation across each pair. Our results revealed a gradient of divergence: U. aurantiacoatraU. antarctica showed strong lineage separation with no genomic admixture, U. intermediaU. perplexans exhibited moderate differentiation with signs of gene flow, and U. floridaU. subfloridana formed a largely unstructured clade with substantial genomic overlap. These findings place the three species pairs at different positions along the speciation continuum and highlight reproductive mode as a key factor influencing lineage divergence. Our study reframes the species-pair concept within a continuum framework and provides new genomic insights from a non-model system, enhancing our understanding of speciation in lichen-forming fungi.
URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2025.108407
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Current date: 2026.03.03.OK