Keywords: Mycoflora/ North America/ Ostropales/ taxonomy
Abstract: In this paper we reassess 482 collections of the lichen genus Graphis from Everglades National Park using the recent world key of Lcking and co-workers as the principal reference. We report a total of 31 species present in the Park. Of these, three species, Graphis brittoniae, G. elevata and G. hinnulea, are described as new to science. In addition, the following eleven species are newly reported from North America: Graphis analoga Nyl., G. cincta (Pers.) Aptroot, G. chlorotica A. Massal., G. crebra Vain., G. dendrogramma Nyl., G. filiformis Adaw. & Makhija, G. furcata Fe, G. modesta Zahlbr., G. neoelongata Zenker, G. renschiana (Mll. Arg.) Stizenb. and G. supracola A. W. Archer. Each species is described and discussed based upon Park collections. Notes concerning some species previously known from North America are also included where new or interesting information can be added to the literature. Conversely, species well documented elsewhere where we have nothing to add are excluded from that section. Graphis chlorotica, also new to North America but collected from outside the Park, is treated here since the key would be incomplete with its omission. Photos of all 32 species are provided including the degree of excipular carbonization. A key is provided for all species of Graphis known to occur in Florida. © 2011 The American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-114.4.764
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Abstract: A lichen biodiversity study conducted in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (district) reports 958 species in 199 genera and 72 families. Cetrelia alaskana (Llano) W. L. Culb. et C. F. Culb. is new to West Siberia; Graphis elegans (Borrer ex Sm.) Ach., Porpidia hydrophila (Fr.) Hertel et A. J. Schwab, and Sclerococcum sphaerale (Ach.) Fr. are new to Siberia; Acarospora fusca B. de Lesd., Cliostomum tenerum (Nyl.) Coppins et S. Ekman, Pertusaria corallina (L.) Arnold, and P. stalactiza Nyl. are new to Russia. High diversity of epilithic lichens is ecologically due to a variety of ecotopes that include mountain habitats on the eastern spurs of the Subarctic and Northern Urals in addition to plain ones.
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Abstract: [In Turkish with English abstract.] Twelve additional historical publications to the lists of John (1992, 1995) known as “Das die Türkei betreffende lichenologische Schrifttum” and concerning with the Turkish lichen biota are listed.
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Abstract: [In Turkish with English abstract.] Two noteworthy records of Protoparmeliopsis muralis, viz. from a wall inside of a Turkish bath, and as epiphytic on apricot tree, are stated.
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Abstract: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is an attractive therapeutic target for diabetes, playing a major role in negative regulation of the insulin signaling pathway. Bioassay-guided investigations of an MeOH extract of the Antarctic lichen, Lecidella carpathica, afforded three PTP1B inhibitory metabolites: hopane-6α,22-diol (1), brialmontin 1 (2), and atraric acid (3), along with two aromatic metabolites (4 and 5) previously isolated from a different Antarctic lichen species. Their structures were determined by analysis of NMR and MS data. Compounds 1-3 inhibited PTP1B activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 3.7, 14.0 and 51.5 μM, respectively, and kinetic analyses of PTP1B inhibition by compounds 1 and 2 suggested that these compounds inhibit PTP1B activity in a competitive manner. In addition, 6,22-hopanediol (1) displayed some selectivity toward PTP1B over other protein tyrosine phosphatases, such as TCPTP (IC50 = 8.4 μM), SHP-2 (IC50 > 68 μM), LAR (IC50 > 68 μM), and CD45 (IC50 > 68 μM).
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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002428291100048X
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Abstract: Mosses and lichens are useful biological indicators of environmental contamination for a variety of metals and radionuclides of both natural and artificial origin. These plants lack a well-developed root system and rely largely on atmospheric deposition for nourishment. Therefore in the study, different lichens (Cladonia convoluta, Cladonia foliacea) and mosses (Homalothecium sericeum, Hypnum lacunosum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Tortella tortuosa, Didymodon acutus, Syntrichia ruralis, Syntrichia intermedia, Pterogonium graciale, Isothecium alopecuroides, Pleurochatae squarrosa) were collected around the Yataǧan (Muǧla), Soma (Manisa), Seyitömer - Tunçbilek (Kütahya) coal-fired power plants and investigated for potential use as biomonitors for 210Po and 210Pb deposition. While the activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in lichens are in the ranges of 151 ± 7-593 ± 21 and 97 ± 5-364 ± 13 Bq kg-1, for mosses the ranges for 210Po and 210Pb are 124 ± 5-1125 ± 38 and 113 ± 4-490 ± 17 Bq kg-1, respectively. In the study, the moss samples were observed to accumulate more 210Po and 210Pb compared to lichens. While the most suitable biomonitor was a moss species (H. lacunosum) for Yataǧan (Muǧla), it was another moss species (S. intermedia) for Soma (Manisa) and Seyitömer - Tunçbilek (Kütahya) sites. 210Po concentrations were found higher than 210Pb concentrations at the all sampling stations.
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Abstract: [New species: Carbacanthographis albolirellata and C. indica.] Two new species of the lichen genus Carbacanthographis, namely C. albolirellata and C. indica, are reported from India. The two species are distinguished by their exciple character, ascospore septation and chemistry. Carbacanthographis albolirellata has a completely carbonized exciple, submuriform ascospores and no lichen substances. Carbacanthographis indica is characterized by a laterally carbonized exciple, trans-septate ascospores and by the presence of salazinic acid.
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Abstract: Graphis parvicarpa and Pallidogramme bengalense are described as new to science from India. Graphis parvicarpa is characterized by a striate excipulum, inspersed hymenium, muriform ascospores, and norstictic acid in the thallus. Pallidogramme bengalense is characterized by a striate exciple, muriform, hyaline to pale brown ascospores, inspersed hymenium and no lichen substances in the thallus.
Notes: New species: Graphis parvicarpa and Pallidogramme bengalense.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282911000442
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Abstract: Rinodina campestris, R. megistospora and R. terricola are described as new to science. Rinodina boleana is recorded for the first time from North America and is compared in detail to R. pyrina and R. imshaugii and all are shown to possess Dirinaria-type spores.
Notes: New species: Rinodina campestris Sheard & C.A. Morse, Rinodina megistospora Sheard & H. Mayrhofer and Rinodina terricola Sheard & K. Knudsen
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-114.3.453
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Keywords: HEMIHOMONYMS/ HOMONYMS/ BIOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE/ DATABASES
Abstract: Hemihomonyms (same nomina which are used for taxa from different nomenclature jurisdictions) are an overlooked but genuine nuisance in biological nomenclature. We compiled the first list of hemihomonyms for nomina in bacteriological, botanical and zoological nomenclatures and prepared an on-line database, the 'Hemihomonym database' or HHDB (<http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/os/homonyms/index.php%gt;). HHDB now includes 1164 nomina, including 12 triple hemihomonyms. A simple suffix-based solution (like 'Oenanthe (z)' for Oenanthe in zoology) could be used in case of hemihomonymy. More effort should be afforded towards the resolution of long-standing nomenclature confusing situations such as hemihomonymy, including regarding the nomina of higher taxa, nomina of intermediate ranks and ambiregnal nomina
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Keywords: Lichens, Floristic survey, Dinosaur National Monument, Gila Wilderness Area, Manti La Sal National Forest, San Juan-Rio Grande National Forest, Intermountain Area, Air pollution
Abstract: The Intermountain Region of the western United States has a rich and diverse lichen flora. Various research projects have examined the lichen communities of this region. This study compares the lichen floras of four Intermountain Area locations, Dinosaur National Monument, Utah and Colorado; the Gila Wilderness Area, New Mexico; the Manti La Sal National Forest, Utah; and the San Juan – Rio Grande National Forest, Colorado. A total of 392 species in 122 genera have been identified from these four general locations. The San Juan – Rio Grande National Forest has the highest number of species (313 species in 109 genera). The Dinosaur National Monument and the Manti La Sal National Forest lichen floras were dominated by crustose species; a condition typical of many Intermountain Area locations; however, the Gila Wilderness Area and San Juan – Rio Grande National Forest were dominated by foliose species. Substrate distribution patterns for all four sites indicated a preponderance of saxicolous species. In addition, a total of 69 pollution sensitive indicator species were identified from the four study areas of which 16 species were common to all 4 locations. The relatively high percentage of pollution sensitive species at all study areas generally suggests that air pollution-related impact on this area has been minimal.
URL: http://www.pnwfungi.org/pdf_files/manuscripts_volume_6/naf20118.pdf
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Abstract: Decrease in lichen diversity is an important biometric tool to assess the prevailing environmental condition in an area. An attempt has been made to explore the utility of lichen diversity in the monitoring of air pollution in the city of Pauri and Srinagar, Garhwal Himalayas, Uttaranchal. Eighty five lichen species were recorded from Pauri and Srinagar (Garhwal) in June 2005. It was observed that polluted sites had very low lichen diversity, mostly dominated by members of lichen family Physciaceae. Kiyonkaleshwar area is the site with maximum lichen diversity (46 lichen taxa) located in a more or less pollution-free area of Pauri city. Two-dimensional principal components analysis plot revealed significant positive contribution of natural (unaltered) sites towards lichen biodiversity, thus affirming the utility of lichen diversity in biomonitoring studies in a wide geographical area.
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Keywords: LICHENS, BIOMONITORING, BIOINDICACION, ATMOSPHERIC PURITY, UPTC, AIR POLLUTION
Abstract: The vegetation constitutes barriers against the gas emitions and polluting sources promoted by the human activity. The scarce arboreal vegetation and the constructions establishmented at Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC) Tunja building lots, it brings up the reduction in air quality. About that, the lichenical flora in green areas of the UPTC, was used such as atmospheric contamination indicator, IAP (Index of Atmospheric Purity) was made, from the coverings of eleven species of lichens finding in 36 forofites (trees), of nine stations represented in an isocontamination map. The covering species representative is for example: Heterodermia albicans (67243 cm2) present in exposed roads areas; otherwise, with smaller covering Teloschistes flavicans (29 cm2). The IPA, indicate that less polluted station was three with (44.29) and the most polluted station was eight with (27.29). These data demonstrate that due to the recent constructions the lichenical vegetation hasn%B4t strengthened yet, further, the low forofites diversity doesn't allow the lichens growth. The result shows that UPTC campus is highly polluted, due to the lack of trees that flank the pollutants impact.
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Keywords: LICHENS, BIOMONITORING, BIOINDICACION, ATMOSPHERIC PURITY, UPTC, AIR POLLUTION
Abstract: The vegetation constitutes barriers against the gas emitions and polluting sources promoted by the human activity. The scarce arboreal vegetation and the constructions establishmented at Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC) Tunja building lots, it brings up the reduction in air quality. About that, the lichenical flora in green areas of the UPTC, was used such as atmospheric contamination indicator, IAP (Index of Atmospheric Purity) was made, from the coverings of eleven species of lichens finding in 36 forofites (trees), of nine stations represented in an isocontamination map. The covering species representative is for example: Heterodermia albicans (67243 cm2) present in exposed roads areas; otherwise, with smaller covering Teloschistes flavicans (29 cm2). The IPA, indicate that less polluted station was three with (44.29) and the most polluted station was eight with (27.29). These data demonstrate that due to the recent constructions the lichenical vegetation hasn%B4t strengthened yet, further, the low forofites diversity doesn't allow the lichens growth. The result shows that UPTC campus is highly polluted, due to the lack of trees that flank the pollutants impact.
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Abstract: The terrestrial ecosystem of Antarctica are among the most extreme on earth, challenging the communities and making their existence difficult by rapidly increasing annual summer influx of solar ultraviolet radiations (UV-R), extremely cold conditions and lesser availability of nutrients. Spring time ozone depletion is due to release of chlorofluorocarbons in the earth atmosphere and is a serious cause of concern among environmentalists. Antarctic continent is mostly dominated by cryptogamic plants with limited distribution in different parts of the icy continent however; their distribution is mostly confined to Sub-Antarctic region. By the virtue of light requirement, cryptogams are exposed to extreme seasonal fluctuation in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and ultraviolet (UV) radiation which are closely associated with photosynthetic pigments in photoautotrophic organisms. Antarctic cryptogams cope up the stress imposed by UV radiation by the development of efficient systems for repairing damage by synthesis of screening compounds such as UV-B absorbing pigments and anthocyanin compounds. A major part of the UV absorbing compounds are appeared to be constitutive in lichens which are usnic acid, perlatolic acid and fumarphotocetraric acid which is particularly induced by UV-B. Secondary metabolites such as phenolics, atranorin, parietin and melanin also enhance the plant defense, by different molecular targets in specific solar irradiance and potential for increased antioxidative protection to UV induced vulnerability.
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Keywords: Antibacterial activity/ Escherichia coli/ Lichen/ Shigella dysenteriae/ Shigella flexneri/ Staphylococcus aureus/ Vibrio cholerae
Abstract: Antibacterial activity of acetone, methanol and aqueous extract prepared from some lichen species were evaluated against five bacterial strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella dysenteriae. Shigella flexneri The aqueous, methanol and acetone extracts exhibited a variable range of antibacterial activity to bacterial strains. The acetone and methanol extracts of all investigated lichens showed selective antibacterial activity. The methanol extracts were usually the most active against test organisms. An aqueous extracts of investigated lichens were found to be inactive against all tested bacteria.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84855500994&partnerID=40&md5=54a03f63d0c5d9ebeb99642f6b2f30e7
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Notes: New species: Enterographa lecanoracea Sipman, Niebla granulans Sipman and N. nashii Sipman
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Abstract: Abstract: From mid-elevation pine forest on the Aegean Sea island of Thasos 8 additional Cladonia species for the lichen mycota of Greece are reported. Most have a wide distribution in Europe and reach their southern limit in Greece. From schistose rock in the same area and on Evvia a new species is described, Cladonia graeca, which is probably related to C. macrophylla and C. decorticata but contains fumarprotocetraric acid instead of psoromic or perlatolic acid.
New taxa: Cladonia graeca
Notes: New species: Cladonia graeca Sipman & Ahti
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Abstract: The work contains new and additional data on distribution of two rare lichen species of the genus Pilophorus, P. cereolus and P. clavatus, in Primorye Territory (Sikhote-Alin mountain range).
Countries/Continents: Asia/Russia
Notes: In Russian with English abstract.
URL: https://www.binran.ru/en/publications/novosti-sistematiki-nizshyh-rastenij/1946/9802/
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Abstract: A short revision of the vagrant Aspicilia species of North America is presented based on morphological, molecular and ecological data. Vagrant Aspicilia are common lichens throughout the steppes of the western United States and in southwestern parts of Canada. Species delimitation of these lichens is difficult because of the paucity of morphological characters and large degree of variation. Inferences from nuITSrDNA sequences reveals that the North American specimens of A. fruticulosa are not most closely related to their Eurasian populations but instead share a unique ancestor with A. hispida. The specimens of A. fruticulosa from the New World are hereby recognized as a distinct species, A. rogeri. Its differentiation from the similar A. fruticulosa and A. hispida is discussed. The exclusion of A. fruticulosa from the N. American checklist is proposed temporarily.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-114.1.178
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Abstract: The lichens Parmelia olivacea and Parmeliopsis ambigua are common epiphytes in subarctic forests in Europe. They differ in abundance and vertical distribution particularly on birch trees, and these differences relate to the level and duration of the winter snow cover. Parmeliopsis ambigua is covered much of the cold season on the lower trunk whereas P. olivacea occurs well above the snow surface. Periods over 6 months under snow have no apparent effect on P. ambigua thalli while much shorter snow cover has been demonstrated to kill P. olivacea. It was hypothesized that the contrasting distributions are due to differences in growth rates and in size and quality of non-structural carbon stores in their tissues affecting their endurance to extended periods of dark respiration. To test these hypotheses, growth measurements were performed on both species and their thalli were sampled for chemical analyses. The results show that the mean annual margin extension growth of P. olivacea thalli was significantly higher than that of P. ambigua, i.e. 1.1 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. The average non-structural carbohydrate concentration in the two species did not differ, but the annual concentration of storage lipids (triacylglycerol) in P. ambigua was four times higher than that in P. olivacea, despite a shorter growing season and lower rate of photosynthesis. The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in structural (polar) lipids was high in both species, i.e. 77% in P. olivacea and 64% in P. ambigua, which appears to enable both species to withstand low ambient thallus temperatures. The higher concentration of storage lipids in P. ambigua allows survival in environments where P. olivacea would respire to death, e.g. under a prolonged snow cover. Parmeliopsis ambigua avoids competition by establishing toward the base of the tree trunk, where P. olivacea would not survive.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-114.3.443
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Keywords: Lichen bag/ Pseudevernia furfuracea/ TEM/ Trace element/ Ultrastructure/ X-ray microanalysis
Abstract: The lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea was exposed to environmental trace elements in the district of Acerra (province of Naples, southern Italy), one of the points forming Italy's "Triangle of Death". P. furfuracea thalli were exposed in bags at different sites for 6 months, periodically collected and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to assess ultrastructural changes. An our earlier study demonstrated that these exposed lichens were strongly contaminated by trace elements (Sorbo S, Aprile G, Strumia S, Castaldo Cobianchi R, Leone A, et al. 2008. Trace element accumulation in P. furfuracea (L.) Zopf exposed in Italy's so-called Triangle of Death. Sci Total Environ 407: 647-654.). The algal cells were more affected than the fungal symbiont. Exposition at urban sites gave the most frequent changes. Four trace elements (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) were used to study the effects of ultrastructural trace element both in field and in vitro treatments. The lichen developed comparable ultrastructural changes when exposed to different trace elements and the changes were not specific to the treatment used (lichen bag exposition, in field and in vitro treatments). The in vitro treatment gave the highest frequency of damage at all time points. X-ray TEM microanalysis revealed trace elements inside the cell walls and the cytoplasmic vesicles of the lichens cultured with the trace elements; this localization is probably related to tolerance mechanisms. © 2011 Società Botanica Italiana.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79960661329&partnerID=40&md5=694b45d938f6c60249fde04741afc2c8
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Keywords: Arctic/ Dust deposition/ Flavocetraria nivalis/ Lichens/ Metal pollution/ Transplantation
Abstract: This study investigated spatial and temporal trends of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in resident and transplanted Flavocetraria nivalis lichens near the former Black Angel Mine in Maarmorilik, West Greenland. The objectives of the study were to evaluate resident and transplanted lichens for monitoring dust contamination and investigate trends in mine-related dust contamination near the mine. The mine operated between 1973 and 1990 and lichens were regularly sampled between 1986 and 2009. When the mine operated, elevated concentrations of Pb, Zn and other elements were observed in resident lichens up to 35. km from Maarmorilik. In the period after mine closure, Pb and Zn concentrations in resident lichens decreased with 1-11% and 0-6% per year, respectively. From 1996 to 2009, lichens were transplanted into the study area from an uncontaminated site and collected the following year. After 1. year, transplanted lichens showed elevated concentrations of Pb and Zn but contained consistently less Pb and Zn compared to resident lichens (24 ± 23% and 63 ± 37%, respectively). During the most recent sampling in 2009, transplanted lichens still showed significantly elevated Pb concentrations (up to a factor 270) within a distance of 20. km from Maarmorilik. Zinc concentrations were only significantly elevated at sites within 5. km from the mine. Time-series regression analyses showed no significant decreases in Pb and Zn in transplanted lichens at any of the sites during the period 1996-2009. In conclusion, our study showed that resident F. nivalis lichens could not be used to evaluate the recent annual dust contamination in Maarmorilik. Lichen transplants, however, were considered adequate for assessing spatial and temporal trends in Pb and Zn contamination from recently deposited dust. The continuous dispersal of contaminated dust in Maarmorilik almost 20. years after mine closure reveals a slow recovery from mining contamination in this arctic area. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80051796916&partnerID=40&md5=704c11f1d20f43984501f857e243cb6f
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Countries/Continents: Colombia
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Keywords: 8 quinolinol/ carbon nanotube/ heavy metal/ article/ atomic absorption spectrometry/ chemistry/ gas chromatography/ methodology/ pH/ Flame Ionization/ Hydrogen-Ion Concentration/ Metals, Heavy/ Nanotubes, Carbon/ Oxyquinoline/ Spectrophotometry, Atomic
Abstract: A multiwalled carbon nanotube disk was used for the SPE of some toxic heavy metals from environmental samples. Metal ions were adsorbed on the disk as 8-hydroxquinoline complexes, then quantitatively desorbed from the disk by using 10 mL 2 M HNO3. The effects of analytical parameters, including pH, sample volume, and flow rates, on the recoveries of Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), and Zn(II) were investigated. The influences of some 1A and 2A group elements and some other ions as concomitant ions on the recoveries of analyte ions were also examined. The LODs of the presented preconcentration-separation system for the analyte ions were found to be in the range of 1.0-5.2 microg/L. In order to validate the procedure, SRM 1577B Bovine Liver, IAEA 336 Lichen, and HR-1 Humber river sediment certified reference materials were analyzed. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of understudy elements in some pharmaceutical samples and natural water samples from different sites in Turkey.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80054824510&partnerID=40&md5=8a32e61809d8eb81ffe88964d62969e3
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Abstract: [In Dutch.]
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Countries/Continents: Switzerland/Europe
Notes: In German.
URL: http://www.bryolich.ch/pdfs/meylania/Meylania_47_18_Spinelli.pdf
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Abstract: Lichens are a prominent feature of northern conifer forests and a large number of species are thought to be circumboreal. Whether or not circumboreal lichen species really constitute monophyletic groups has seldom been tested. We investigated molecular phylogenetic patterns in the mycobiont of Mycoblastus sanguinarius, a well known epiphytic lichen species of the boreal forest, based on material collected from across the high latitude northern hemisphere. A three-locus dataset of internal transcribed spacer rDNA, translation elongation factor 1-a and replication licensing factor Mcm7 DNA sequences revealed that material treated until now as belonging to M. sanguinarius does indeed form a monophyletic group within the genus and is distinct from a strongly supported Mycoblastus af?nis. The M. sanguinarius complex appears closely related to the rare Mycoblastus glabrescens, which is currently known only from the Paci?c Northwest and was rediscovered during the present study. However, within M. sanguinarius s.lat. in the northern hemisphere, two deeply divergent and morphologically coherent species can be recovered, one of which matches the southern hemisphere species Mycoblastus sanguinarioides and turns out to be widespread in North America and Asia, and one of which corresponds to M. sanguinarius s.str. Both M. sanguinarius and M. sanguinarioides exhibit additional low-level genetic differentiation into geographically structured clades, the most prominent of which are distributed in East Asia/eastern North America and western North America/Europe, respectively. Individuals from these lowest-level clades are morphologically indistinguishable but chemical analyses by thin layer chromatography revealed that each clade possesses its own fatty acid pro?le, suggesting that chemical differentiation precedes morphological differentiation and may be a precursor to speciation.
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790311001606?via%3Dihub
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Abstract: The crustose lichen genus Mycoblastus in the Northern Hemisphere includes eight recognized species sharing large, simple ascospores produced 1-2 per ascus in strongly pigmented biatorine apothecia. The monophyly of Mycoblastus and the relationship of its various species to Tephromelataceae have never been studied in detail. Data from ITS rDNA and the genes coding for translation elongation factor 1-α and DNA replication licensing factor mini-chromosome maintenance complex 7 support the distinctness of Mycoblastus s. str. from the core of the Tephromelataceae, but recover M. fucatus and an undescribed Asian species as strongly supported within the latter group. We propose accommodating these two species in a new genus, Violella, which is characterized by its brownish inner ascospore walls, Fucatus-violet hymenial pigment granules and secondary chemistry, and discuss the position of Violella relative to Calvitimela and Tephromela. We describe the new species Violella wangii T. Sprib. & Goffinet to accommodate a new species with roccellic acid from Bhutan, China, India and the Russian Far East. We also exclude Mycoblastus indicus Awasthi & Agarwal from the genus Mycoblastus and propose for it the new combination Malmidea indica (Awasthi & Agarwal) Hafellner & T. Sprib.
Genera/Families: Violella/Tephromelataceae
Notes: New species: Violella wangii T. Sprib. & Goffinet; new combinations: Violella fucata (Stirt.) T. Sprib. and Malmidea indica (Awasthi & Agarwal) Hafellner & T. Sprib.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282911000478
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Abstract: Ziel der Untersuchung in 2011 war eine Nacherhebung der Flechtenvegetation an drei Wald-Dauerbeobachtungsflächen (Wald-DBF). An der Wald-DBF Karlsruhe- Hardtwald wurden im Sommer 2011 die epiphytischen Flechten aufgenommen und die Ergebnisse in den Datensatz von 30 bereits 2009 untersuchten Wald-DBF integriert. Für die beiden anderen Wald-DBF Aalen und Schönau mussten zwischenzeitlich Ersatzwaldflächen ausgewiesen werden. An diesen beiden neuen Wald-DBF wurde 2011 die Flechtenvegetation erstmals aufgenommen und die Daten der alten und neuen Flächen miteinander verglichen.
Countries/Continents: Europe/Germany
URL: http://www.fachdokumente.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/is/102190/?COMMAND=DisplayBericht&FIS=91063&OBJECT=102190&MODE=METADATA
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Abstract: Epiphytic lichens with temperate mediterranean or subatlantic mediterranean distribution in Europe are used as indicator organisms for climate changes (abridged "climate change indicators") in the Düsseldorf area (Germany). The data presented in this study have been collected during several lichen mapping projects, in all of which the phorophytes were selected according to guideline VDI 3957 Part 13. The proportion of climate change indicators on the phorophytes' lichen species spectrum is used here as a measure of the climatic conditions at the tree location. It is highest along the Rhine valley and in areas with high annual precipitation close to the eastern boarder of the warmest parts of North Rhine-Westphalia, e.g. the Western slope of the Bergisches Land. In Düsseldorf and environs, between 2001 and 2010, frequency of climate change indicators has increased significantly.
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Notes: In Finnish with English abstract.
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Abstract: Tuckermannopsis orbata (Nyl.) M. J. Lai (Parmeliaceae Zenker) and Chaenothecopsis parasitaster (Bagl. et Carestia) D. Hawksw. (Mycocaliciaceae A. F. W. Schmidt) are reported for the first time for Kamchatka Peninsula and Russian Far East. The first species is also new for Russia and Asia.
Countries/Continents: Asia/Russia
Notes: In Russian with English abstract.
URL: https://www.binran.ru/en/publications/novosti-sistematiki-nizshyh-rastenij/1946/9804/
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Keywords: Electrochemical chlorination/ Lichen/ Physcion/ Secondary metabolites/ Electrochemical chlorination/ Electrophilic attack/ Lichen/ Medium-pressure liquid chromatography/ Naturally occurring/ Physcion/ Product mixture/ Resonance stabilization/ Secondary metabolites/ Spectral data/ Synthetic utility/ Biomolecules/ Chlorination/ Column chromatography/ Cyclic voltammetry/ Electrolysis/ Liquid chromatography/ Metabolism/ Metabolites/ 2 chlorophyscion/ 2,4 dichloro 1,8 dihydroxy 3 methoxy 6 methylanthracene 9,10 dione/ 2,4,5 trichlorophyscion/ 4 chlorophyscion/ 4,5 dichlorophyscion/ physcion/ unclassified drug/ article/ chlorination/ column chromatography/ cyclic potentiometry/ drug synthesis/ electrolysis/ lichens/ liquid chromatography/ molecular stability/ nonhuman/ priority journal/ stereochemistry
Abstract: The electrochemical chlorination of physcion (=1,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6- methylanthracene-9,10-dione; 1) in AcOH and CH2Cl2 was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and prep.-scale electrolysis. This approach provided access to a number of diverse biologically and pharmacologically interesting chlorinated secondary metabolites of lichen. Unlike the only previous literature report on the 'classical' chlorination of physcion (1), which allowed the preparation of 4-chlorophyscion (2b), 4,5-dichlorophyscion (3b), and 2,4,5-trichlorophyscion (4), the present procedure also gave fragilin (=2-chlorophyscion; 2a) and 2,4-dichlorophyscion (3a), alongside the previously obtained 2b, 3b, and 4. All of these compounds, except for 2a, were isolated by column chromatography and medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) and characterized by spectral data. The preparative electrolysis with a 2F·mol-1 charge consumption in AcOH and 10F·mol -1 in CH2Cl2 may have a practical synthetic utility, since the thus obtained product mixtures can be readily fractioned by column chromatography to afford pure 2b and 4, respectively. The regioselectivity of the reaction is explained by the resonance stabilization of the corresponding arenium cations
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80051864808&partnerID=40&md5=f4f0cd37516c6e52687327c65dcc8f78
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Notes: In Dutch with English abstract.
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Keywords: Algae/ Antarctica/ Biology/ Carbon-13/ Deuterium/ Isotope ratio/ Lichens/ Nitrogen-15/ Plants/ Stable isotopes
Abstract: Comparative biochemical and isotope-chemical investigations of cosmopolitical plants open up ways of obtaining parameters from different parts of the Earth which are characterised by variations in the habitat due to different environments.As anAntarctic oasis, the Schirmacher Oasis disposes of adequate favourable ecological conditions for the growth of lower plants. In the present paper, results of isotope studies of lichens, mosses and algae of the Schirmacher Oasis are given and peculiarities of the habitats which influence the isotope contents of the plants are discussed. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052395702&partnerID=40&md5=f4432365aaefc422cd0a1e7317bb38bc
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Keywords: Antarctica/ Lichens/ Mosses/ Pigments/ Plastochromanol/ Plastoquinone/ Tocopherols
Abstract: The content and relative composition of tocopherols, plastochromanol, plastoquinone and pigments in fifteen Antarctic species (five mosses and ten lichens) were analyzed by HPLC. Total tocopherols in mosses ranged from 90 ?g/g (Warnstrofia sarmentosa) to 220 ?g/g (Syntrichia magellanica), while in lichens it ranged from 0.89 ?g/g in Caloplaca sp. to 45 ?g/g in Placopsis contortuplicata. With the exception of Ochrolechia frigida, in all other mosses and lichens species, a-tocopherol accounted for more than 90% of total tocopherols. Plastochromanol was detected in four mosses and two lichen species; the highest level was found in Polytrichastrum alpinum (19.1 ?g/g). The highest content of plastoquinone-9 (PQ-9) in mosses was found in Bryum pseudotriquetrum (42.6 ?g/g), whereas in lichens it was 24.5 ?g/g in Stereocaulon alpinum, and 23.17 mg/g in Umbilicaria antarctica. Pigment composition in mosses was typical for higher plants. Some lichen species lacked chlorophyll b, violaxanthin and ?-carotene. Based on these results it is suggested that tocochromanols and carotenoid pigments are involved in the protection of mosses and lichens against the oxidative stress caused by the extreme Antarctic conditions.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84856090755&partnerID=40&md5=ee65808891768440c2b6b8376135d320
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Abstract: Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are the primary source of soil nitrogen in dry areas. We investigated the nitrogenase activity of three BSC types from the Tengger desert in responses to stimulated precipitation, temperature, and irradiance intensity. In addition, potential seasonal nitrogen fixation by BSCs was estimated using meteorological records. The nitrogenase activity of BSCs ranged from 2.6 to 16.6 mmol m-2 h-1 in this desert, and nitrogenase activity was significantly dependent on crust type, precipitation, and temperature, but not on irradiance. Cyanobacterial-algal crusts showed the highest nitrogenase activity (16.6 mmol m-2 h-1), followed by lichen crusts (6.9 mmol m-2 h-1), and moss crusts (2.6 mmol m-2 h-1). Cyanobacterial-algal crusts demonstrated maximum nitrogenase activity with 1.54 mm of precipitation, while the maximum activity for lichen and moss crusts occurred at 1.83 mm and 0.65 mm, respectively. The optimum temperature for nitrogenase activity ranged from 15 to 30 °C. Based on meteorological data, the potential nitrogen input was estimated to be 3.7-13.2 g m-2 a-1, and the high nitrogen fixation in this region resulted from the perfect match of optimum climate to the favorable environmental factors for BSC nitrogenase activity. This study demonstrated that BSCs are the main nitrogen input source in this temperate desert ecosystem. In particular, cyanobacterial-algal crusts, which are the first colonizers of the desert ecosystem, may mediate the majority of nitrogen fixation to facilitate soil nitrogen accumulation in these infertile soils.
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Keywords: ?-orcinol/ (+)Usnic acid/ Antibacterial activity/ Depsidones/ Usnea undulata
Abstract: Usnea undulata Stirton (Usneaaceae) is a fruticose lichen used locally in ethnoveterinary medicine to treat mammary infections in cattle while human beings use it for the treatment of wounds in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of its extracts led to the isolation and characterization of a new depsidone, 2?-O-methylhypostictic acid (8), together with seven known compounds, i.e. methyl ?-orsellinate (1), norstictic acid (2), menegazziaic acid (3), (+) usnic acid (4), hypoconstictic acid (5), salazinic acid (6), and galbinic acid (7). The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral analysis including homo- and hetero-nuclear correlation NMR experiments (COSY, NOESY, HMQC, and HMBC) and mass spectra as well as by comparison with available data in the literature. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values of the compounds against six bacteria were determined. Compound 8 showed inhibitory activity against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis with MICs of 31, 62.5, 62.5?g/ml, respectively. (+) Usnic acid was most active against B. subtilis, B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli with MICs of 8, 8, 31, and 31 mg/ml, respectively, while other compounds exhibited moderate activity. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2011.622720
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Abstract: The diminutive species Micarea capitata is described from north-western Sweden. It has been found at two localities in boreal forests where it grew on the bryophyte Hylocomium splendens. Micarea capitata is distinguished by small (0.10-0.35 mm diam.) black apothecia, (0–)1-septate ascospores and a mottled, darkly pigmented hypothecium.
New taxa: Micarea capitata
Genera/Families: Micarea
Countries/Continents: Sweden
Notes: New species: Micarea capitata M. Svensson & G. Thor
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282911000338
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Keywords: Bryophytes/ Heavy metals/ Lichens/ Mining waste/ Phytosociology/ Sands/ Vascular plants
Abstract: We studied the diversity of grasslands in the Olkusz Ore-bearing Region (OOR). The OOR area has been severely degraded by Zn-Pb mining and polluted with heavy metals originating from mine and industrial waste and from industrial emissions. We assessed the species composition and cover of vascular plants, mosses and lichens in 9 plots at each of 28 study sites on two types of substrate (sands and dolomite mining waste). In the 252 study plots we recorded 260 species. Only one species was common (Festuca ovina) and four were noted frequently (Rumex thyrsiflorus, Leontodon hispidus subsp. hastilis, Ceratodon purpureus, Bryum pallescens). Most numerous were species typical of calcareous, warm, dry habitats and mesophilous meadows; species characteristic of poor sandy habitats and fields were rarer. Metallophytes were also fairly often noted (e.g., Cardaminopsis halleri, Biscutella laevigata, Brachythecium albicans, Diploschistes muscorum). Grassland diversity depended on substrate type and land use history. Grassland of abandoned fields developed on fertile sandy soil was richest in species, with numerous meadow and weed species (Crépis biennis, Melandrium album). Grassland on poor sandy soil was poor in vascular plants but rich in lichens (Cladonia rei, C. monomorpha). Grassland on mining ore-bearing waste was rich in thermophilous and meadow species (Thymuspulegioides, Lotus corniculatus). Grassland on mining waste was floristically similar to the Armerietum halleri association of metalliferous areas of Western and Central Europe. It differed by the presence of Biscutella laevigata and the frequent occurrence of Rumex thyrsiflorus, Cardaminopsis arenosa, Gypsophila fastigiata, Potentilla arenaria and Anthyllis vulneraria. The OOR grasslands, especially those developed on mining waste, should be placed under legal protection, as they contain species that are rare and unique for Poland. These grasslands increase the biotic diversity of this post-mining region and form colorful islands on its landscape.
URL: http://www.ib-pan.krakow.pl/pubs-pdf/Polish%20Botanical%20Journal/2011/Pbj56-2_s245-260.pdf
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Keywords: AS/ BIOACCUMULATION/ CELL MEMBRANE DAMAGE/ PHOTOSYNTHESIS/ ROS
Abstract: [The researchers found that exposure to As physiologically stressed both the mycobiont and the photobiont, and especially the cell membranes.]
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Keywords: CELL MEMBRANES/ LICHENS/ MERCURY/ PHOTOSYNTHESIS/ TOXICITY
Abstract: [The two species of lichens studied were found to have a differential sensitivity to Hg.]
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Abstract: [This chapter describes how lichen can be used to monitor levels of trace elements in the environment, particularly zinc.]
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Abstract: [Includes a key to the genus.]
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Abstract: Stereoselective synthesis of the 16-membered diolide 27, a fully functionalized congener of lepranthin (1), is described. The requisite five asymmetric carbon centers in monomer 23 were constructed in a highly stereoselective manner by using different epoxide-opening reactions of α,β-unsaturated γ,δ-epoxy esters and epoxy alcohol derivatives as the key steps. The monomer 23 was successfully transformed into the MOM protected diolide 27 by Yamaguchi macrolactonization
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Abstract: Spore-derived mycobionts of three lichen species, Graphis apriens, G. handelii and G. awaensis, were cultivated on a malt-yeast extract medium supplemented with 10% sucrose and their metabolites were investigated. Two new isocoumarin derivatives 1 and 2 as well as a new thiophene derivative 3 were isolated along with six known compounds. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. © 2011 The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052062543&partnerID=40&md5=22d8786f1e7d5f6f3e970b85d7812e9d
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Abstract: We studied the lichen diversity on cobbles at 18 stations located within 4 aspects of a second order drainage basin near Sede Boqer at the Negev Highlands, Israel, where dew was found to be the main water source for lichens. At each station 10 cobbles were randomly chosen and the lichen community composition and structure were investigated and compared to the dew amount and duration that characterize each station. Excluding the wadi stations that showed a very heterogeneous population (probably originating from cobbles that rolled down from both adjacent slopes) and were therefore excluded from the analysis, all other stations were grouped into 5 clusters that showed a close link with the dew moisture regime. Lichen distribution pointed to species which can serve as biomarkers for dew amount and especially for dew duration. The data imply that at a meso-scale, lichens can provide information regarding the dew regime of habitats where no microclimatological data are available.
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Keywords: DEW/ RAIN/ LICHENS/ NEGEV DESERT/ INDICATOR SPECIES
Abstract: We studied the lichen diversity on cobbles at 18 stations located within 4 aspects of a second order drainage basin near Sede Boqer at the Negev Highlands, Israel, where dew was found to be the main water source for lichens. At each station 10 cobbles were randomly chosen and the lichen community composition and structure were investigated and compared to the dew amount and duration that characterize each station. Excluding the wadi stations that showed a very heterogeneous population (probably originating from cobbles that rolled down from both adjacent slopes) and were therefore excluded from the analysis, all other stations were grouped into 5 clusters that showed a close link with the dew moisture regime. Lichen distribution pointed to species which can serve as biomarkers for dew amount and especially for dew duration. The data imply that at a meso-scale, lichens can provide information regarding the dew regime of habitats where no microclimatological data are available.
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New taxa: Usnea cylindrica P.Clerc
Notes: Includes a photo CD. New species: Usnea cylindrica P.Clerc
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Keywords: ALGAL PARTNERS/ CHLOROPHYTA/ DILABIFILUM/ DIPLOSPHAERA/ HETEROCOCCUS/ LICHENS/ MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION/ MYCOBIONT/ PHYCOBIONT/ STICHOCOCCUS/ VERRUCARIACEAE/ XANTHOPHYCEAE
Abstract: The Verrucariaceae (Ascomycota) is a family of mostly lichenized fungi with a unique diversity of algal symbionts, including some algae that are rarely or never associated with other lichens. The phylogenetic position of most of these algae has not yet been studied and, because morphology-based identifications can often be misleading, molecular data is necessary to revisit their identity and to explore patterns of association between fungal and algal partners. For this reason, the diversity of photobionts in this lichen family was investigated using molecular markers (rbcL and nuSSU) amplified from DNA extracts of lichen thalli and cultured isolates. Although a single algal genus, Diplosphaera (Trebouxiophyceae), was associated with 12 out of the 17 sampled genera of Verrucariaceae, representatives of eight other genera in five orders of the Chlorophyta and one genus in the Xanthophyceae also form lichen associations with members of the family. Fungal genera with simple crustose thalli (e.g. Hydropunctaria, Wahlenbergiella, Bagliettoa) use a high diversity and unusual selection of photobionts. In contrast, fungal genera with more complex thalli (e.g. Placidium, Dermatocarpon) tend to have lower photobiont diversity. Habitat requirements and phylogenetic histories are both partly reflected in the observed patterns of associations between lichenized fungi from the family Verrucariaceae and their photobionts.
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Keywords: China/ lichen/ Peltigerales/ taxonomy
Abstract: A new species, Nephroma flavorhizinatum, is described from the Tibetan Plateau. This species is characterized by marginal and laminal lobules, an obvious pruina, a white to golden yellow medulla, a golden yellow rhizinal base, and a unique chemistry. © 2011. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
Notes: New species: Nephroma flavorhizinatum Q. Tian & H.Y. Wang
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80051922143&partnerID=40&md5=983f7048d4597e6ad147edd4d122e287
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Notes: New species: Phyllopsora hispaniolae Timdal, P. imshaugii Timdal, P. teretiuscula Timdal, and P. tobagensis Timdal; new combinations: P. cognata (Nyl.) Timdal and P. phaeobyssina (Vain.) Timdal
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Abstract: In vitro antifungal activity of the acetone, methanol and chloroform extracts of four lichen species viz, Bulbothirx setschwanensis, Everniastrum nepalense, Heterodermia diademata, Parmelaria thomsonii were investigated against seven plant pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. rose- um and Penicillium citrinum) with reference to commercially available synthetic antifungal drug Ketoconazole (positive control). Lichen secondary metabolites were extracted using Soxhlet extractor and were further recovered through gen- tle evaporation of solvents in rotary evaporator. Antifungal activity was analysed employing Bauer-Kirby disc diffu- sion assay. Acetone and methanol extracts of lichenized fungi were found more effective against tested plant pathogenic fungi. Principal component analysis concluded that though, Ketoconazole was effective against four of the tested plant pathogenic fungi, acetone and methanol extracts of lichens were comparatively more effective against some broad spectrum plant pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. roseum).
URL: https://www.scirp.org/pdf/AJPS20110600013_87085901.pdf
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Notes: In Japanese with English abstract, specimen data, and figure captions.
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Keywords: Epigeic/ Juniper/ Open sand grassland/ Poplar
Abstract: The spatial pattern of epigeic true bug assemblages was studied across natural edges at a forest steppe region in Hungary. Two edges were investigated: a poplar forest
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84856858348&partnerID=40&md5=b034fcc6e455e748a51bfbf74b45f741
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Genera/Families: Micarea
Countries/Continents: Norway
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Genera/Families: Pertusaria
Countries/Continents: Norway
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Abstract: A lichen transplant study aimed at investigating a strong increase in mercury concentrations in lichens was run in a territory of NE Italy where background values were very low only 8 years before. Thalli of the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea collected in a pristine area were exposed for 1.5, 3 and 6 months at 31 sites selected according to the observed pattern of Hg concentrations, location of the suspected source (a new waste incinerator) and prevailing wind direction. Hg strongly increased at eight sites after 1.5 months, at 12 after 3 months and at 20 after 6 months. The highest values were always located SW and S of the incinerator, in good agreement with the prevailing night wind direction. It was concluded that, although the immediate risk for the population living close to the incinerator is low, long-term hazard due to Hg accumulation in the surrounding environment should be seriously taken into account.
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URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21112072
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Keywords: Pseudevernia furfuracea
URL: http://www.biomedexperts.com/Abstract.bme/20571884/Lichen_transplants_as_a_suitable_tool_to_identify_mercury_pollution_from_waste_incinerators_a_case_study_from_NE_Italy
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Abstract: Usnea species with a red-orange cortical or subcortical pigmentation were studied in the tropical Andes (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia) and the Galapagos Islands. Sixteen species are treated, 14 occurring in the Andes and six in the Galapagos. Usnea crocata, U. grandisora (endemic to the Galapagos), U. rubricornuta and U. subdasaea are newly described. Usnea dorogawensis, U. michauxii, U. subcornuta and U. subrubicunda are new to South America. Tri-terpenoids detected by thin layer chromatography play an important role in the taxonomy of this group of species. Several species were found both in the Andes and the Galapagos, and the diversity of species integrates elements from North America, tropical Africa, Macaronesia and even Asia. This emphasizes the importance of examining large geographic areas to better understand global distribution patterns in this cosmopolitan genus.
Notes: New species: Usnea crocata Truong & P. Clerc, Usnea grandisora Truong & P. Clerc, Usnea rubricornuta Truong & P. Clerc and Usnea subdasaea Truong & P. Clerc
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-114.3.477
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Abstract: A total of 267 species and two subspecies of the lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi from Gomel Region (Republic of Belarus) are listed. Of these, seven lichen species and two lichenicolous fungi are indicated as new to the Region. Acarospora moenium is a new lichen species to Belarus. There are 14 species included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Belarus
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Keywords: exudate, insect dispersal, Mycocaliciales, resinicolous fungi
Abstract: The new species Chaenothecopsis khayensis (Ascomycota, Mycocaliciaceae) is described from Ghana, western Africa, on the resin of Khaya anthotheca and K. ivorensis. The species is distinctive in forming asci without crosiers and in possessing ascospores that are faintly longitudinally striate. Analysis of large subunit rDNA gene sequences positioned this species within a clade corresponding to the Mycocaliciales and identified its closest relative as Sphinctrina leucopoda. Chaenothecopsis khayensis occurs commonly on resin exuding from trees damaged by the larvae of the mahogany shoot borer (Hypsipyla sp.), and we discuss the possible ecological relationship between the fungus and these moths.
Genera/Families: Mycocaliciaceae / Chaenothecopsis / Sphinctrina
Notes: New species: Chaenothecopsis khayensis Rikkinen & Tuovila
URL: http://www.mycologia.org.proxy.lib.duke.edu/cgi/content/full/103/3/610/
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New taxa: Chaenothecopsis diabolica/Chaenothecopsis zebrina
Genera/Families: Chaenothecopsis
Notes: New species: Chaenothecopsis diabolica Rikkinen & Tuovila and Chaenothecopsis zebrina Rikkinen & Tuovila.
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Abstract: [A molecular analysis of nrITS DNA revealed a clear division of this taxon into two ecologically and morphologically distinct species named Melanelixia fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) O. Blanco et al. and Melanelixia glabratula (Lamy) Sandler and Arup.]
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Keywords: Characteristic species/ Dead wood/ Deciduous forests/ Ecological requirements/ Epiphytic lichens
Abstract: During the course of lichen mapping in the Harz National Park in April and May 2009,15 plots of 400 m2 in three different deciduous forest communities have been examined, and resulted in 43 documented epiphytic lichen taxa. 25 taxa have been found in the Luzulo-Fagetum, and four in the Asperulo-Fagetum. The Tilio-Acerion is characterised by the highest lichen diversity, with 31 documented taxa. Based on the frequency of occurrence, particular lichen species are proposed as characteristic species of the forest communities concerned, in the two beech communities above all Porina aenea and Coenogonium pineti, and in the Luzulo-Fagetum in addition Mycoblastus fucatus. Hypogymnia physodes and Chaenothecaferruginea are confirmed as characteristic species for the Tilio-Acerion and in addition Parmelia saxatilis is proposed. Furthermore, it is proposed to delete the toxitolerant species Lecanora conizaeoides from the list of characteristic species of the three forest communities concerned. 13 species of the 43 species in total belong to the Red Lists of Sachsen-Anhalt, Niedersachsen and/or Germany in general. 47% of the lichen species, i.e. about half of the species, inhabit dead wood. Hence, dead wood has to be considered as an important structural element in nearly natural forests as habitat for epiphytic lichens.
Notes: In German.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84856758127&partnerID=40&md5=729b82cecd042f693616c3da941c77a8
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Keywords: 13C pulse labeling/ CO2 efflux from soil/ Kobresia pasture/ Land-use changes/ Overgrazing/ Root exudates/ Soil organic carbon/ Soil respiration
Abstract: The Kobresia pastures of the Tibetan Plateau represent the world's largest alpine grassland ecosystem. These pastures remained stable during the last millennia of nomadic animal husbandry. However, strongly increased herds' density has promoted overgrazing, with unclear consequences for vegetation and soils, particularly for cycles of carbon (C), nutrients and water. Vegetation-free patches of dead root-mat covered by blue-green algae and crustose lichens (crusts) are common in overgrazed Kobresia pastures, but their effect on C turnover processes is completely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the crusts strongly affect the C cycle by examining: (i) the long-term C stock measured as soil organic matter content; (ii) medium-term C stock as dead roots; (iii) recent C fluxes analyzed as living roots and CO2 efflux; and (iv) fast decomposition of root exudates. Up to 7.5 times less aboveground and 1.9 times less belowground living biomass were found in crust patches, reflecting a much smaller C input to soil as compared with the non-crust Kobresia patches. A lower C input initially changed the long-term C stock under crusts in the upper root-mat horizon. Linear regression between living roots and CO2 efflux showed that roots contributed 23% to total CO2 under non-crust areas (mean July-August 5.4 g C m-2 day-1) and 18% under crusts (5.1 g C m-2 day-1). To identify differences in the fast turnover processes in soil, we added 13C labeled glucose, glycine and acetic acid, representing the three main groups of root exudates. The decomposition rates of glucose (0.7 day-1), glycine (1.5 day-1) and acetic acid (1.2 day-1) did not differ under crusts and non-crusts. More 13C, however, remained in soil under crusts, reflecting less complete decomposition of exudates and less root uptake. This shows that the crust patches decrease the rates of medium-term C turnover in response to the much lower C input. Very high 13C amounts recovered in plants from non-crust areas as well as the two times lower uptake by roots under crusts indicate that very dense roots are efficient competitors with microorganisms for soluble organics. In conclusion, the altered C cycle in the overgrazing-induced crustose lichens and blue-green algae crusts is connected with strongly decreased C input and reduced medium-term C turnover. © 2011 The Author(s).
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052084861&partnerID=40&md5=76716109481265d661ad1bfe7f52b81d
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Keywords: Ascomycota/ Chaetothyriaceae/ Herpotrichiellaceae/ Lichenicolous fungi/ Molecular phylogenetics
Abstract: The genus Capronia includes a number of lichenicolous (lichen-inhabiting) species, none of which have previously been characterized in vitro or considered in molecular phylogenetic studies. We cultured Capronia peltigerae from Peltigera rufescens and report here the growth of this species on a variety of media and its phylogenetic position based on the analyses of nuclear ribosomal RNA, mitochondrial ribosomal RNA, and RNA polymerase II (RPB1) gene sequences. This species differs from the majority of Capronia studied in axenic culture in lacking a conidial anamorph. Phylogenetic analyses position C. peltigerae outside the Herpotrichiellaceae within a robustly supported basal lineage of the Chaetothyriales composed primarily of melanized, rock-inhabiting anamorphic fungi. Our results demonstrate that Capronia, as circumscribed currently, is polyphyletic, but they do not resolve the relationship of C. peltigerae with members of the Chaetothyriaceae. © 2011 Kevin D. Hyde.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80051698463&partnerID=40&md5=d0d6dba20e6a54b558dadfcee1d1faf6
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Abstract: Hemithecium isidiatum from the Eastern Himalayas is described as new to science. It is the first isidiate species in the genus Hemithecium and is otherwise characterized by hyaline muriform ascospores and the presence of salazinic acid.
New taxa: Hemithecium isidiatum
Genera/Families: Hemithecium
Countries/Continents: Asia
Notes: New species: Hemithecium isidiatum Upreti & U. Dubey.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282911000430
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Abstract: While working with herbarium material of Rinodina xanthophaea (Nyl.) Zahlbr. the authors studied structure and distribution features of the species. Since no description or information on distribution of R. xanthophaea is cited in the Vol. 10 of the «Handbook of the Lichens of Russia», we summarize published and original data in the paper.
Countries/Continents: Asia/Russia
Notes: In Russian with English abstract.
URL: https://www.binran.ru/en/publications/novosti-sistematiki-nizshyh-rastenij/1946/9808/
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Abstract: The first data on the lichen flora of Zyuratkul National Park (Chelyabinsk Region) are provided. The preliminary list includes 263 species of lichens and allied fungi. Parmelia barrenoae and Pyxine sorediata were found for the first time for the Eastern Europe, 22 species are new for the Urals and 23 for the Southern Urals.
Countries/Continents: Russia/Europe/Asia
Notes: In Russian with English abstract.
URL: https://www.binran.ru/en/publications/novosti-sistematiki-nizshyh-rastenij/1946/9806/
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Abstract: Four species of lichens and 11 species of lichenicolous fungi are reported from the Republic of Daghestan for the first time for the Caucasus region. Of these, 7 taxa are new to Russia: Caloplaca badioreagens Tretiach & Muggia, Caloplaca polycarpa (A.Massal.) Zahlbr., Lichenothelia renobalesiana D.Hawksw. & V.Atienza, Stigmidium rouxianum Calat. & Triebel, Toninia episema (Nyl.) Timdal, Toninia leptogii Timdal, and Verrucaria latericola Erichsen. Comments on their geographic distribution, habitats, substrate, and comparisons with morphologically similar taxa are presented.
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Abstract: A short note on the foliose and fruticose lichen genera of the Parmeliaceae (lichenized Ascomycota), known from Russia, and a key to their identification are presented.
Countries/Continents: Russia/Europe/Asia
URL: https://www.binran.ru/en/publications/novosti-sistematiki-nizshyh-rastenij/1946/9810/
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Keywords: lichen/ mountain region/ species diversity/ species richness/ taxonomy/ Russian Federation/ Siberia
Abstract: For the first time quantitative characteristics of floristic richness and peculiarities of lichen diversity of the large regions of Russia are submitted. By higher level of taxonomical richness and systematical diversity are distinguished Southern Siberia and North of European Russia which are including 70-80% of lichen species of other regions. The lichens flora of South Far East, Southern Siberia and Caucasus are differ by greatest originality at a level of macrolischens. The theoretical estimation of richness lichens flora of regions and Russia as a whole are given on basis of offered of study completeness index. Lichens diversity is higher in mountain regions, than in plains, and at same time in mountain areas it increases from the north at the south, whereas in plains the inverse relationship is observed. On the whole the lichens diversity and richness are increased at regions with a suboceanic or monsoonal climate and/or at mountain regions; plains territories are differ by smaller species richness and a low diversity, it is especial with a droughty continental climate.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80051763712&partnerID=40&md5=9aba410363ba32b7407931d2187f1c5d
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Abstract: We have examined the consequences of Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation in the thallus of the lichen Physcia semipinnata (J.F.Gmel) in terms of cell viability and apoptotic-like formation. UV-B induced oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation was detected by TUNEL assay and this is the first study showing DNA fragmentation in thalli. The intensity of TUNEL-positive cells after exposure to UV-B at doses up to 95.9 J/cm2 was higher in the photobiont layer than the mycobiont layer.
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Keywords: CLIMATE CHANGE/ DEGELIA SPP/ EPIPHYTES/ HABITAT QUALITY/ LOBARIA PULMONARIA/ NONPARAMETRIC MULTIPLICATIVE REGRESSION/ SCOTLAND/ SPHAEROPHORUS GLOBOSUS
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Keywords: ETHANOL/ HYDROLYSIS/ LICHENAN/ LICHENASE/ SYNERGISM/ THERMOTOLERANT YEAST
Abstract: [Lichen is presented as a cost-effective and readily available ingredient for the production of ethanol. In this study, lichenan was collected from Cetraria islandica, Usnea barbata and Parmelia sp.]
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Keywords: ASCOMYCETES/ BASIDIOMYCETES/ CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS/ COARSE WOODY DEBRIS/ COMMUNITY ECOLOGY/ DETRENDED CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS/ PICEA ABIES
Abstract: [Logs were characterised by attached lichens.]
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Abstract: The new species Megaspora rimisorediata Valadbeigi & A. Nordin is described from Iran, where it mainly grows on tree bark but also on calciferous rocks and mosses. It is characterized by a pale ochraceous to bluish grey, cracked and sorediate thallus, very rarely producing ascomata. It appears to be rather commonly distributed in Iran. Its close affinity with Megaspora verrucosa is illustrated in a graph resulting from a phylogenetic network analysis of nuclear rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences from specimens representing the different genera of Megasporaceae.
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Notes: New species: Lichenostigma iranicum Brackel & Valadbeigi and Lichenostigma verrucosum Brackel & Valadbeigi.
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Abstract: A new species of Syncesia, S. mascarena, is described from La Réunion (Mascarene Islands) in the Indian Ocean. Syncesia glyphysoides and S. madagascariensis are here recorded for the first time for La Réunion. This discovery reveals unexpected diversity within Syncesia, which was previously assumed to be mainly neotropical. Africa, including Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands, harbours six species.
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Keywords: Lichenized Ascomycetes/ austral element/ Bory de St-Vincent
Abstract: 463 lichen taxa are reported from the island of Reunion (Mascarene archipelago) in the Indian Ocean. This report is based on extensive collections recently made by the authors or hosted in B and LG. A total of c. 600 species is estimated for the number of lichenized fungi present on the island; although this is a low figure for a varied tropical area, this is plausible due to its small size and remoteness. The significance of the lichen diversity of the island lays in its endemics, which need further study for a reliable assessment, and in the occurrence of a poorly known southern hemisphere element (“austral” species). The discovery of the following in Reunion is of special interest as it considerably enlarges their distribution range: Anzia corallophora, Caloplaca caesiosorediata, Coccocarpia delicatula, Fuscopannaria praetermissa, Gomphillus morchelloides, G. pedersenii, Gyalideopsis bispora, Heterodermia koyana, Hypotrachyna evansii, Lithogyalideopsis zeylandica, Lobaria asperula, Megaloblastenia marginiflexa var. dimota, Menegazzia capitata, Myeloconis erumpens and Pannaria squamulosa.
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