C. C. Grueter, D. Li, B. Ren, F. Wei, Z. Xiang and C. P. Van Schaik 2009: Fallback foods of temperate-living primates: a case study on snub-nosed monkeys. - American Journal of Physical Anthropology140(4): 700-715. [RLL List # 219 / Rec.# 31889] Keywords: MONKEYS/ SNUB-NOSED MONKEYS/ FOOD PREFERENCES/ CHINA/ YUNNAN/ PARMELIACEAE/ USNEA
Abstract: [Study site in NW Yunnan, China. "A non-plant food, lichens (Parmeliaceae), featured prominently in the diet throughout the year (annual representation in the diet was about 67%) and became the dominant food item in winter when palatable plant resources were scarce. Using lichens is a way to mediate effects of seasonal dearth in palatable plant foods and ultimately a key survival strategy. The higher abundance of lichens at higher altitudes explains the monkeys' tendency to occupy relatively high altitudes in winter despite the prevailing cold. Usnea lichens, the snub-nosed monkeys' primary dietary component, are known to be highly susceptible to human-induced environmental changes such as air pollution, and a decline of this critical resource base could have devastating effects on the last remaining populations."]
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