Yanes, Y., J. Martín, J. Santana, G. A. Holyoak, D. T. Holyoak, M. Artiles, F. Deniz, M. R. Alonso & M. Ibáñe 2011: Four new Napaeus species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) from La Gomera (Canary Islands). - Journal of Conchology 40(4): 393-407. [RLL List # 223 / Rec.# 33015] Abstract: [The four new species can all disguise the shell with a cover of lichens, soil, or both, to reduce predation. When the covering is made of hygroscopic lichen, it might function as a water or humidity reservoir as well as for camouflage.] Four new species of Napaeus are described from La Gomera (Canary Islands), which is one of the smaller islands of the archipelago but has the highest number of Napaeus species. The four new species can all disguise the shell with a cover of lichens, soil, or both, to reduce predation. When the covering is made of hygroscopic lichen, it might function as a water or humidity reservoir as well as for camouflage.
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