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Diederich, P./ Millanes, A.M./ Wedin, M. 2022: Class Tremellomycetes, order Tremellales. - Flora of Lichenicolous Fungi 1: 105-282. [RLL List # 272 / Rec.# 44170]
Abstract: The Tremellales is a large group of the so-called jelly-fungi, initially circumscribed based on the presence of gelatinous basidiocarps, cruciate septate basidia, and spores germinating by repetition (Martin 1945). Some years later, Bandoni (1984, 1987) achieved detailed studies using both light and transmission electron microscopy, and emended the order Tremellales to include taxa with dolipore septa (i. e., septa with a small hole of a particular morphology that allows exchange of cellular contents between adjacent cells) and Tremella-type parenthesomes (i. e., cap shaped membranous structures that cover the dolipores), tremelloid basidia, haploid yeast states, and a predominantly mycoparasitic habit. The Tremellales currently include 33 genera distributed in 11 families: Bulleraceae, Bulleribasidiaceae, Carcinomycetaceae, Cryptococcaceae, Cuniculitremaceae, Naemateliaceae, Phaeotremellaceae, Rhynchogastremaceae, Sirobasidiaceae, Tremellaceae and Trimorphomycetaceae. The monophyly of these families have been confirmed by multigene phylogenies (Liu et al. 2015a). However, the phylogeny presented in this Flora is based only on ITS and nuSLU, because these are the molecular markers available for most lichenicolous taxa. Therefore, several of the currently accepted families are recovered as polyphyletic in our phylogeny. Tremella was earlier the most heterogeneous genus in the Tremellales and repeatedly also proved to be strongly polyphyletic. Chen (1998) divided the genus in different subgroups that later adopted the category of genera (Liu et al. 2015b), and Tremella s. str. (the only genus currently included in the Tremellaceae) is now restricted to the former Mesenterica and Fuciformis groups. A large number of species are, however, still temporarily named ‘Tremella’ although they do not belong in Tremella s. str. or in the family Tremellaceae. That applies, for instance, to all lichenicolous species in the genus, but also to many other non-lichenicolous species. We anticipate that the generic and family delimitation in the Tremellales will suffer from severe rearrangements in the near future. Our taxon sampling for the phylogeny of the Tremellales is clearly biased towards lichenicolous species, and we have only included a few representatives of each of the currently accepted families in the group. All sequenced species of lichenicolousTremellales are, however, included in this tree. The aim of our phylogeny is not to deal with family assignments of the lichenicolous taxa but rather to place the sequenced lichenicolous species, which means 27 of the 58 newly described species – plus one subspecies – in a general phylogenetic framework of the Tremellales. For larger and more evenly sampled phylogenies of the Tremellales, see Liu et al. (2015a, 2015b) and Millanes et al. (2011), but sound phylogenetic hypotheses that include lichenicolous taxa are still missing.

Notes: New: Biatoropsis angulatae Diederich & Millanes (on Usnea angulata from Australia, U.S.A.), B. antarcticae Diederich, Etayo & Millanes (on U. antarctica & U. aurantiaco-atra from Antarctica). B. hirtae Diederich & Millanes (on U. hirta from U.S.A.), B. macaronesica Diederich & Millanes (from New Zealand on U. flavocardia; Portugal on U. macaronesica; Spain on U. esperantiana, U. flavocardia, U. glabrata, U. cf. krogiana, U. sp.), B. nigrescens Diederich, Millanes & F.Berger (from Australia on U. capillacea, U. inermis, U. nidifica, U. subalpina; from New Zealand and Papua New Guinea on U. sp.), B. rubicundae Diederich & Millanes (from Australia on U. rubicunda; Belgium on U. ceratina; France on U. ceratina, U. rubicunda; Luxembourg, on U. ceratina; New Zealand on U. rubicunda; Papua New Guinea on U. rubicunda; Tanzania on U. erinacea; U.S.A. on U. ceratina), Tremella abrothalli Diederich & Goward (in Abrothallus parmeliarum on Nesolechia oxyspora on Parmelia saxatilis from Canada), T. acarosporae Diederich & Hollinger (on Acarospora from U.S.A.), T. alectoriae Diederich & Holien (on Alectoria sarmentosa from Norway), T. aptrootii Diederich & Common (on Astrothelium sp. from Brazil, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and U.S.A.), T. aspiciliae Diederich, Coppins & A.Fletcher (on Aspicilia caesiocinerea from United Kingdom), T. brodoae (P.Pinault & Cl.Roux) Diederich, Millanes & Hafellner (≡ Epicladonia brodoae P. Pinault & Cl. Roux), T. cervina Diederich & Millanes (on Cetraria ericetorum from Switzerland), T. cetraculeata Diederich, Millanes & Hollinger (on Cetraria aculeate from Canada), T. cetrariae Diederich, Millanes, F.Berger & Zamora (on Cetraria islandica from Austria & Spain), T. confluens Pippola, Diederich & Goward (on Usnea longissima from Canada & U.S.A.), T. conidioparmotrema Diederich, Etayo & Millanes (on Parmotrema sp. from Ecuador), T. conidiopunctelia Diederich, Millanes, Lendemer, D.P.Waters & Giavarini (on Punctelia caseana from U.S.A.; P. subrudecta from United Kingdom), T. conidiopunctelia subsp. parmelinellae Diederich, Millanes, Common & Lawrey (on Parmelinella amazonica from U.S.A.), T. coniocarpi Diederich & Common (on Coniocarpon cinnabarinum from U.S.A.), T. emmanueliae Diederich & Aptroot (on Emmanuelia ornata & E. cf. excisa from Brazil), T. ertzii Diederich (on Pertusaria sp. from Japan and Mauritius), T. flakusii Diederich, Millanes, Rodr.Flakus & Aptroot (on Crocodia aurata from Brazil; C. clathrata from Bolivia), T. flavoparmeliae Diederich, Hodkinson & Millanes (on Flavoparmelia caperata from U.S.A.), T. graphidicola Diederich & Common (on Graphis assimilis, G. sp. from U.S.A.), T. herpothalli Diederich, Flakus, Rodr.Flakus, Etayo & Palice (on Herpothallon sp. from Bolivia & Ecuador), T. lecidellae Diederich & Brackel (on Lecidella elaeochroma from Italy & U.S.A.), T. leprae Diederich & W. R.Buck (on Lepra oahuensis from U.S.A.), T. leprariae Diederich (on Lepraria finkii from U.S.A.), T. leucodermiae Diederich, Etayo, Flakus & Millanes (on Leucodermia leucomelos & L. vulgaris from Bolivia; L. leucomelos from Ecaudor), T. nephromopsidis Diederich (on Nephromopsis orbata from U.S.A.), T. occultixanthoriae Diederich, Geyselings & Millanes (on Xanthoria parietina from Belgium), T. octosporae Diederich & Sérus. (on Agonimia octospora from France), T. pacificae Diederich & van den Boom (on Agonimia pacifica from Dominican Republic), T. parmogardneri Diederich, Etayo & Millanes (on Parmotrema gardneri from Bolivia & U.S.A.), T. parmohypotropi Diederich, Gockman & Millanes (on Parmotrema hypotropum from U.S.A.), T. parmoperforati Diederich & Millanes (on Parmotrema perforatum from U.S.A.), T. pertuceracea Diederich, Flakus & Rodr.Flakus (on Pertusaria sp. from Bolivia), T. pertusae Diederich, Millanes, Brackel & Etayo (on Pertusaria pertusa from Germany, Italy & Spain), T. pertusariicola Diederich, Flakus, Etayo & Rodr.Flakus (on Pertusaria cf. rigida & P. sp. from Bolivia), T. pertutexanae Diederich, Millanes & Common (on Pertusaria texana from U.S.A.), T. pertuthalamiae Diederich & Millanes (on Pertusaria sp. from Taiwan, P. tetrathalamia from U.S.A.), T. pinaultii Diederich & Millanes (on Hypogymnia physodes from France), T. pisutiellae Diederich & W.R.Buck (on Pisutiella conversa from U.S.A.), T. placynthiellae Diederich & W.R.Buck (on Placynthiella icmalea from U.S.A.), T. pseudocyphellariae Diederich, Millanes & Ertz (on Pseudocyphellaria desfontainii from Madagascar & Mauritius; on P. argyracea, P. crocata, P. insculpta, P. intricata, P. multifida & P. sp. from Papua New Guinea), T. puncteliae Diederich, Etayo & Millanes (on P. borreri from Mexico), T. puncteliotegens Diederich, Etayo & Millanes (on Punctelia borreri from New Zealand), T. purpurascentis Diederich, Common & Millanes (on Dirinaria purpurascens from U.S.A.), T. pyrenaica Diederich, Poumarat, Daval & Millanes (on Lecanora gr. polytropa from France), T. ramboldiae Diederich & W.R.Buck (on Ramboldia haematites from U.S.A.), T. rhabdodisci Diederich, Thor, Ertz & Millanes (on Rhabdodiscus inalbescens from Japan), T. robusta Diederich, Ertz, van den Boom & Millanes (on Dendrographa franciscana from U.S.A.), T. sarcographae Diederich & Aptroot (on Sarcographa medusulina from Brazil), T. strigulae Diederich (on Strigula stigmatella from U.S.A.), T. synarthoniae Diederich & Common (on Synarthonia inconspicua from U.S.A.), T. teloschistis Diederich, Gockman, Walden & Millanes (on Teloschistes exilis from U.S.A.), T. tornabeae Diederich, Etayo, Pérez-Ortega & Millanes (on Tornabea scutellifera from Spain), T. xanthomendozae Diederich, C.A.Morse & Brinker (on Xanthomendoza weberi from Canada & U.S.A.), T. zamorae Diederich & Millanes (on Lecanora louisianae from U.S.A.).

URL: https://ps.mnhn.lu/pub/FloraLichenicolousFungi1.pdf

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