Recurvoides walteri (Grzybowski, 1898) emend. Mjatliuk, 1970 Fig. 100-1. Camera lucida drawing and rollogram of the neotype of "Haplophragmium walteri Grzybowski" [=Recurvoides walteri] from the Grzybowski Collection, specimen no. 2/39p, Magura Unit, Polish Carpathians. [drawn by M. Bubík] ORIGINAL DESIGNATION: Haplophragmium walteri Grzybowski, 1898. TYPE REFERENCE: Grzybowski, J., 1898. Otwornice pokładow naftonośnych okolicy Krosna. Rozprawy Wydziału Matematyczno-Przyrodniczego, Akademia Umiejętności w Krakowie, serya 2, vol. 33, p. 280, pl. 10, fig. 24. TYPE SPECIMEN: Not originally designated. Numerous specimens from Grzybowski's samples are deposited in the micropaleontological collections of the Jagiellonian University, Kraków. Syntypes preserved in the Grzybowski Collection of 1898 are from the Potok H-22, H-26, H-33, and H-34 wells, and are registered as UJ-132-P 1/31a-h. Kaminski & Geroch (1993) selected one the preserved metatypes of Grzybowski (1901) from the Gorlice area and designated a lectotype (registered as UJ-133-P 2/39p). TYPE LEVEL: Paleogene, Silesian Unit of the Polish Carpathians. TYPE LOCALITY: Not originally designated. Grzybowski's syntype localities are in the vicinity of Krosno, Poland. The lectotype locality is Bartne 34 near Gorlice, Poland. DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES: Test rounded in outline, often trochoidal, strongly inflated on one side. On one side one and one-half to two whorls are visible, with 8-11 chambers in the last whorl. Coiling is streptospiral, with the direction of coiling changing gradually. Chambers are low and increase in size slowly. Wall thick, medium to coarse. Aperture a small round opening at the base of the last chamber in early whorls, an areal slit in later whorls. SIZE: Lectotype is 0.62 mm in diameter. SYNONYMS: none verified. OBSERVED OCCURRENCES: Grzybowski (1898, 1901) included a variety of different forms under the heading "Haplophragmium walteri", and therefore his records as well as most subsequent accounts of this species must be viewed with caution. Most of Grzybowski's material, however, is derived from the Paleogene of the Silesian and Magura Units of the Polish Carpathians. Mjatliuk (1970) recorded R. walteri from the Eocene of the Ukrainian Carpathians. In our earlier work, we also adopted the designation "Recurvoides ex gr. walteri" for the problematic Paleogene species of Recurvoides. Unfortunately, the name has subsequently been used by numerous authors without discretion, and records of this species are in need of revision. We have observed it in the Paleocene of the Polish Carpathians and in the Paleocene Lizard Springs Formation of Trinidad. KNOWN STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE: Paleocene to Eocene. BATHYMETRY: Bathyal. REMARKS: Grzybowski (1898) included a variety of different forms under the designation "Haplophragmium walteri" in his collection, and did not consistently separate this species from his "Haplophragmium subturbinatus". Charnock & Jones (1990) synonymized both species under the Recent species Recurvoides ex gr. turbinatus (Brady), a viewpoint that we consider to be rather extreme. Gryzbowski (1898) originally described H. walteri as follows: "Test similar in structure to Haplophragmium subturbinatum, spherical. On the spiral side there is a distinct inner whorl with five chambers separated by flush sutures, and a distinct central chamber. Sometimes instead of a single central chamber, there are two or three smaller ones. The chambers of the last whorl are separated by depressed sutures. On the umbilical side, five or six chambers are visible, with depressed sutures. Aperture similar to that of the preceding species [under the edge of the last chamber near its contact with the earlier portion of the test}. Size 0.8 - 1 mm." In the description, Grzybowski implies that H. walteri is more evolute than H. subturbinatum, since he could see an inner whorl, and such specimens can be found among those preserved in the Grzybowski Collection. The typical "Haplophragmium subturbinatus" is more involute than H. walteri, and has few chambers in the final whorl. We find it useful to keep the two forms separate. Mjatliuk (1970) illustrated specimens that capture the characteristic coiling of the species, and her description can be considered an emendation. Mjatliuk reported that specimens have 7-8 chambers in the final whorl and are sometimes "nearly symmetrical as in the genus Haplophragmoides", but the last whorl "is at a certain angle with respect to the previous whorl". Our specimens of R. walteri from the Paleocene of the Magura Unit of the Polish Carpathians collected at Jelesnia, Poland attain a larger size than Mjatliuk's specimens (our largest specimens have 11 chambers in the final whorl), but compare well with specimens preserved in the Grzybowski Collection. This species is a typical Recurvoides according to the current usage of Theodor Neagu (personal communication to MAK). Its axis of coiling changes slowly and at a small angle. The whorl makes a nearly a complete revolution around the test (adding as many as six chambers) before there is a change in coiling direction. In our specimens the apertural face is often concave, and in apertural view the last whorl is generally inclined with respect to the previous whorl at an angle less than 45°. The test, therefore, has a spiral side (as mentioned by Grzybowski) and an umbilical side with a depressed umbilicus. In immersion, the chamber lumina are oval in the early portion and increase in size slowly in height, but noticably in width, with ontogeny. The later chambers are broader than high. Chambers are connected by a thin tube which suggests an areal aperture. The test wall is rather thick and coarsely agglutinated. Fig. 100-2. Specimens from the upper Eocene of the Boryslav-Pokuty Unit of the Ukrainian Carpathians, from Mjatliuk (1970). ILLUSTRATIONS: Plate 100 - Recurvoides walteri (Grzybowski) Fig. 1a-f. Bartne Poland, Magura Unit of the Polish Carpathians, Lectotype from the Grzybowski Collection (UJ-133P 2/33n). 2a-c. Ropica Górna, Magura Unit of the Polish Carpathians. 3a-c. Pistinka Stream, Ukrainian Carpathians, "lower part of the Sheshorskogo Horizon" from Mjatliuk Collection (slide N433-106).