Keywords: Endolichenic fungi/ Letharia/ Letharietum vulpinae/ Lichen-associated fungi/ Substrate preference
Abstract: In the present study, a well-defined lichen community was screened for associated fungi for the first time. The photophilous lichen community Letharietum vulpinae was chosen because its character species, Letharia vulpina, was expected to host rather specialized fungi due to the presence of antimycotic secondary compounds. A considerable number of the associated fungi that were isolated were probably selective for lichens, because they appeared to be distantly related to fungi known from other substrates. The majority of these obligatory, lichen-associated fungi were only isolated in the course of the present study and represent hitherto unknown phylogenetic lineages. Parts of the lichen-associated fungi overlapped those colonizing rock surfaces or were closely related to endophytic fungi, but the lichen-associated and endophytic fungi still represented separate lineages. © 2011 German Mycological Society and Springer.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-011-0786-6
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Abstract: The radionuclides 210Po and 210Pb widely present in the terrestrial environment are the final long-lived radionuclides in the decay of 238U in the earth's crust. Their presence in the atmosphere is due to the decay of 222Rn diffusing from the ground. The range of activity concentrations in ground level air for 210Po is 0.03-0.3 Bq m-3 and for 210Pb 0.2-1.5 Bq m-3. In drinking water from private wells the activity concentration of 210Po is in the order of 7-48 mBq l-1 and for 210Pb around 11-40 mBq l-1. From water works, however, the activity concentration for both 210Po and 210Pb is only in the order of 3 mBq l-1. Mosses, lichens and peat have a high efficiency in capturing 210Po and 210Pb from atmospheric fallout and exhibit an inventory of both 210Po and 210Pb in the order of 0.5-5 kBq m-2 in mosses and in lichens around 0.6 kBq m-2. The activity concentrations in lichens lies around 250 Bq kg-1, dry mass.Reindeer and caribou graze lichen which results in an activity concentration of 210Po and 210Pb of about 1-15 Bq kg-1 in meat from these animals. The food chain lichen-reindeer or caribou, and Man constitutes a unique model for studying the uptake and retention of 210Po and 210Pb in humans. The effective annual dose due to 210Po and 210Pb in people with high consumption of reindeer/caribou meat is estimated to be around 260 and 132 μSv a-1 respectively. In soils, 210Po is adsorbed to clay and organic colloids and the activity concentration varies with soil type and also correlates with the amount of atmospheric precipitation. The average activity concentration levels of 210Po in various soils are in the range of 20-240 Bq kg-1.Plants become contaminated with radioactive nuclides both by absorption from the soil (supported Po) and by deposition of radioactive fallout on the plants directly (unsupported Po). In fresh leafy plants the level of 210Po is particularly high as the result of the direct deposition of 222Rn daughters from atmospheric deposition. Tobacco is a terrestrial product with high activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb. The overall average activity concentration of 210Po is 13 ± 2 Bq kg-1. It is rather constant over time and by geographical origin.The average median daily dietary intakes of 210Po and 210Pb for the adult world population was estimated to 160 mBq day-1 and 110 mBq day-1, corresponding to annual effective doses of 70 μSv a-1 and 28 μSv a-1, respectively. The dietary intakes of 210Po and 210Pb from vegetarian food was estimated to only 70 mBq day-1 and 40 mBq day-1 corresponding to annual effective doses of 30.6 μSv a-1 and 10 μSv a-1, respectively. Since the activity concentration of 210Po and 210Pb in seafood is significantly higher than in vegetarian food the effective dose to populations consuming a lot of seafood might be 5-15 fold higher.
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Countries/Continents: Slovakia
Notes: In Slovak
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Keywords: Chlorophyll a fluorescence/ Lichens/ Mesoclimate/ NOX/ NPQ/ Urban pollution
Abstract: The sensitivity of three foliose lichen species to urban environments with different air pollution loads and climatic conditions was tested using chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlaF) PAM measurements. Transplants of Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr., Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale and Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.) M. Choisy collected in a pristine site of the Classic Karst (Trieste, NE Italy) were exposed for 12 weeks (August-December 2008) at that site (control, A), and in two urban sites with heavy traffic in Trieste (B) and Udine (C). Concentrations of the main gaseous pollutants were monitored by passive samplers in A (NO2, O3), and by pollution monitoring stations in B and C (NOX, NO2, SO2, O3). In the laboratory, Kautsky curves were induced under standardized conditions at species-specific PPFD values before exposure, after 6 weeks and at the end of the exposure. Significant decrease in Fv/Fm was only observed in P. perlatum transplants exposed in B, possibly as a consequence of the dry conditions of that site. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was negatively affected in all three species, although with different intensity, in both urban sites, but more intensively in C than in B. ChlaF data shows clearly that (i) the decrease of NPQ was modulated by time exposure to NOX as well as by NOX concentration, and (ii) the species response to pollutants was related to species ecology: X. parietina, which is more nitro- and xerophytic than the other two species, tolerated better the transplant environmental conditions, confirming recent floristic observations carried out in several urban areas of Central Europe. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052489838&partnerID=40&md5=d014cb517e55b71ade7463eb58de9ac2
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Keywords: Cercosporella leucaenae/ Coccomyces delta/ Darién National Park/ Hygroaster nodulisporus/ Inventory/ Leucopaxillus gracillimus/ Meliola bixae/ Stigmina anacardii/ Tropical mycology
Abstract: For the Darién Province, an area larger than Jamaica in Eastern Panama, up to now only 19 species of fungi, mainly lichens and plant parasitic microfungi, have been known. Two general mycological forays including most major groups of fungi were carried out in this area for the first time. During 3 days mostly in secondary vegetation and 2 days in pristine forest, about 104 specimens of macro- and microfungi were collected, of which 85 were identified as 76 species of which all but one were new records for the Darién Province. As a result, knowledge on fungal taxa in that region has risen from 19 to 94, i.e. by a factor of five. Although common and easily-spotted species were preferred during collection, 16 (more than 20%) of the species identified were new for Panama, notably two species of Agaricales, Hygroaster nodulisporus and Leucopaxillus gracillimus, and four microfungi on plants, Cercosporella leucaenae, Coccomyces delta, Meliola bixae, and Stigmina anacardii. The records of the species are presented together with specimen data, references, and photos of selected species. As shown by this study, fungi in tropical Panama are highly diverse, mostly unknown, and further mycological field work is urgently needed because habitats are destroyed and fungi specific to them are lost forever. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-011-0085-1
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Keywords: ecological guild/ environmental effects/ lichen adaptation/ photobiont
Abstract: Domestication of algae by lichen-forming fungi describes the symbiotic relationship between the photosynthetic (green alga or cyanobacterium; photobiont) and fungal (mycobiont) partnership in lichen associations (Goward 1992). The algal domestication implies that the mycobiont cultivates the alga as a monoculture within its thallus, analogous to a farmer cultivating a food crop. However, the initial photobiont 'selection' by the mycobiont may be predetermined by the habitat rather than by the farmer. When the mycobiont selects a photobiont from the available photobionts within a habitat, the mycobiont may influence photobiont growth and reproduction (Ahmadjian & Jacobs 1981) only after the interaction has been initiated. The theory of ecological guilds (Rikkinen 2002) proposes that habitat limits the variety of photobionts available to the fungal partner. While some studies provide evidence to support the theory of ecological guilds in cyanobacterial lichens (Rikkinen 2002), other studies propose models to explain variation in symbiont combinations in green algal lichens (Ohmura 2006; Piercey-Normore 2006; Yahr 2006) hypothesizing the existence of such guilds. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Peksa & Škaloud (2011) test the theory of ecological guilds and suggest a relationship between algal habitat requirements and lichen adaptation in green algal lichens of the genus Lepraria. The environmental parameters examined in this study, exposure to rainfall, altitude and substratum type, are integral to lichen biology. Lichens have a poikilohydric nature, relying on the availability of atmospheric moisture for metabolic processes. Having no known active mechanism to preserve metabolic thallus moisture in times of drought, one would expect a strong influence of the environment on symbiont adaptation to specific habitats. Adaptation to changes in substrata and its properties would be expected with the intimate contact between crustose lichens in the genus Lepraria. Altitude has been suggested to influence species distributions in a wide range of taxonomic groups. This is one of the first studies to illustrate an ecological guild, mainly for exposure to rainfall (ombrophiles and ombrophobes), with green algal lichens. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052553936&partnerID=40&md5=87464bb49a8e11111ee33f4e530035a3
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Abstract: Abiotic and biotic factors influencing distribution of microbiotic crusts within hot deserts, such as the Mojave and Colorado Deserts, are poorly known. Our objective was to examine microbiotic crust distribution with reference to soil and parent material characteristics as well as plant functional groups in wilderness areas of Joshua Tree National Park (JTNP). A total of 75 sites were visually assessed for crust abundance and plant community composition; soil physical and chemical factors also were measured. Microbiotic crusts of JTNP, in particular lichen and moss crusts, were not as well-developed or as widely distributed as in other arid regions of North America. Algal crusts were most prevalent, lichen crusts were sparse, and crusts containing mosses were rare, with average percent land surface absolute (and relative) cover for these three cover categories being 11.4% (17.4%), 1.7% (2.7%), and 0.02% (0.02%), respectively. Previously reported individual drivers of crust development, such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and soil texture, did not appear to strongly influence crust development in this study of the Mojave and Colorado Deserts. Proximity to granitic bedrock and grusy granitic soils associated with it were the key determinants of microbiotic crust distribution in the wilderness areas of JTNP. In particular, crusts were best developed in grusy granitic soils. Overall, our study emphasized the importance of geology in driving crust distribution and its potential value as a predictor of where crusts may occur in the hot deserts of North America.
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Keywords: alga/ angiosperm/ bryophyte/ herbarium/ museum/ pteridophyte/ taxonomy/ type specimen/ university sector/ Finland
Abstract: The herbarium accessions amount to 21,068 specimens, including 3,993 specimens of phanerogams and pteridophytes, 2,558 of bryophytes, 42 of algae, and 14,475 of fungi (incl. lichens). Some details of noteworthy accessions are given here.
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Keywords: Agriculture/ Atmospheric NH3/ Biodiversity loss/ Cattle/ Ecological indicators/ Global change/ Spatial analysis
Abstract: Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is one of the main drivers for ecosystem changes world-wide, including biodiversity loss. Modelling its deposition to evaluate its impact on ecosystems has been the focus of many studies. For that, universal indicators are needed to determine and compare the early effects of NH3 across ecosystems. 2.We evaluate the effects of atmospheric NH3 in ecosystems using lichens, which are one of the most sensitive communities at the ecosystem level. Rather than measuring total diversity, we use a functional diversity approach because this is potentially a more universal tool. 3.We evaluated the spatial and temporal patterns of atmospheric NH3 concentrations ([NH3]atm) emitted from a point-source over a 1-year period in a cork oak Mediterranean woodland. We observed a temporal pattern of [NH3]atm, with maximum concentrations during autumn. 4.The distribution of lichen species was c. 90% explained by [NH3]atm. The tolerance of lichen species to atmospheric NH3, based on expert knowledge from literature, was tested for the first time against direct measurements of atmospheric NH3. Most species were well classified, with the exception of Lecanora albella and Chrysothrix candelaris, which were more tolerant than expected. Our updated lichen classification can be used to establish lichen functional groups that respond to atmospheric NH3, and these can be used in other Mediterranean countries. 5.Increasing [NH3]atm led to a complete replacement of oligotrophic by nitrophytic species within 65m of the NH3 source. The geostatistical analysis of functional diversity variables yielded a spatial model with low non-spatial variance, indicating that these variables can cope robustly with high spatial variation in NH3. 6.Synthesis and applications. Our results support the use of functional diversity variables, such as a lichen diversity value, as accurate and robust indicators of the effects of atmospheric NH3 on ecosystems. The spatial modelling of these indicators can provide information with high spatial resolution about the effects of atmospheric NH3 around point- and diffuse sources. As this methodology is based on functional groups, it can be applied to monitor both the impact of atmospheric NH3 and the success of mitigation strategies. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Applied Ecology © 2011 British Ecological Society.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052749573&partnerID=40&md5=5fd961012bc9aae8f3dd8fbe3b305193
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Keywords: Genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition/ Lichens/ Morphology/ Taxonomy/ Variability
Abstract: Species delimitation in the Cladonia gracilis group has long been known to be difficult due to morphological variability of taxa. The present study addresses the circumscription of species within this group, examining a number of specimens of the currently accepted taxa Cladonia coniocraea, C. cornuta subsp. cornuta, C. cornuta subsp. groenlandica, C. ecmocyna subsp. ecmocyna, C. ecmocyna subsp. intermedia, C. gracilis subsp. gracilis, C. gracilis subsp. elongata, C. gracilis subsp. tenerrima, C. gracilis subsp. turbinata, C. gracilis subsp. vulnerata, C. macroceras, C. maxima, and C. ochrochlora using genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition. We employed maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods of phylogenetic reconstructions based on DNA sequences of ITS rDNA, IGS rDNA, RPB2 and partially EF1-α regions. Our results indicate that the C. gracilis group is monophyletic but that most currently accepted taxa do not form monophyletic groups, with the exception of C. ecmocyna and C. cornuta subsp. cornuta. Different tests suggest that incomplete lineage sorting and sporadic recombination events are responsible for a phylogeny that largely lacks support. Our data also strongly suggest that C. coniocraea, C. cornuta subsp. groenlandica, and C. ochrochlora are conspecific, with C. coniocraea being the oldest available name. The morphological characters in the group are shown to be highly homoplasious, causing, in tandem with phenotypical plasticity of the taxa, the difficulties in delimiting species in the C. gracilis group.
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Countries/Continents: North America/Canada
Notes: Discusses the two species.
URL: http://nlmushrooms.ca/omphaline/O-II-8.pdf
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Countries/Continents: North America/Canada
Notes: Discusses the weedy lichens of Newfoundland.
URL: http://nlmushrooms.ca/omphaline/O-II-6.pdf
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Countries/Continents: North America/Canada
Notes: Discusses the species in Newfoundland.
URL: http://nlmushrooms.ca/omphaline/O-II-7.pdf
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Countries/Continents: North America/Canada
Notes: Discusses the red fruited Cladonias.
URL: http://nlmushrooms.ca/omphaline/O-II-9.pdf
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Notes: In Slovak with English abstract.
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Countries/Continents: Turkmenistan/Uzbekistan/Turkey
Notes: In Slovak
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Keywords: Building walls/ Capillary problems/ Freezteeq methods
Abstract: The historical buildings and monuments are affected by a common phenomenon namely the water capillary height through foundations and walls, leading to the dampness of the walls. At first sight we do not pay enough attention to it and that is why, in a short period of time, it appears in the form of: efflorescence, mildews, mosses, lichens, the falling of plasters, the degradation of bricks, vertical and horizontal cracks and soil compression. The article makes reference to an increase in the heat efficiency of buildings, namely to their covering. The use of the ecological methods for the building rehabilitations could minimise the energy consumption and decrease polluting emissions in the environment. Some experimental results obtained using FREEZTEEQ methods will be discussed.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80055091698&partnerID=40&md5=a616be2627617bc2e2db538ea71beeea
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Abstract: According to the enemy-free space hypothesis (EFS), parasites and predators create a selective force for a specialization on a host that assures better protection against natural enemies than other potential hosts. Few studies have found support for EFS and none of them have covered the whole larval period in natural conditions. I studied the growth and survival of lichen-feeding moth larvae on five lichen species with and without their natural enemies in natural conditions covering the whole larval period. All the three following EFS predictions gained support. First, natural enemies caused significant mortality of larvae. Second, when natural enemies were present, larval survival was highest on preferred Ramalina lichens. Third, larvae attained higher mass on non-preferred Parmelia sulcata than on Ramalina species, indicating fecundity cost to feed on Ramalina species instead of P. sulcata. EFS for C. lichenaria larvae on Ramalina species is likely a consequence of shrubby appearance of Ramalina species which provide better larval protection from predation than other hosts.
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Keywords: Field experiment/ Host architecture/ Host range/ Lichen growth form/ Tri-trophic interaction/ color/ enemy free space/ field method/ growth rate/ herbivory/ larva/ lichen/ moth/ natural enemy/ plant-herbivore interaction/ survival/ trophic interaction/ Hexapoda/ Lepidoptera/ Ramalina
Abstract: 1.Natural enemies may direct the host use of herbivorous insects on those hosts that ensure highest survival, thus creating enemy-free space. Host structure may contribute to enemy-free space if the current host ensures better refuge from natural enemies than other potential hosts. So far, however, direct evidence of the role of host structure for enemy-free space is lacking. 2.This study looks at the effect of physical host structure on the previously demonstrated enemy-free space of a lichen-feeding moth, Cleorodes lichenaria by manipulating the structure of host lichens and the access of natural enemies to larvae in the field. It was predicted that if larvae receive enemy-free space on Ramalina lichens because of their shrubby appearance, larvae should survive better on shrubby than on flat lichens in the presence of natural enemies but not in the absence of natural enemies. 3.Larvae survived better on shrubby than flat lichens and when the access of natural enemies to larvae was prevented than in the presence of them. According to the prediction, larvae in the presence of natural enemies survived better on shrubby compared with flat thalli but not in the absence of natural enemies. Thus, shrubby host structure promotes survival of larvae and underlies the enemy-free space on Ramalina species in natural conditions. 4.Host structure as a mechanism for enemy-free space and the direct impact of host structure for the performance of C. lichenaria larvae are discussed. Other potential reasons, such as lichen secondary chemicals and host-induced colouration of larvae as a basis of enemy-free space, are also discussed. © 2011 The Author. Journal of Animal Ecology © 2011 British Ecological Society.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01866.x
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Abstract: ABSTRACT Lichens have been used extensively as biomonitors of air quality (Richardson 1992; Seaward 1995, 2005). Lichen thalli lack a protective layer and hence accumulate airborne pollutants and particulate matter from the environment by wet and dry deposition (Nash 1996). The elements accumulated on lichen thalli can be quantitatively analysed using techniques such as Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Electron probe microanalysis. These techniques yield two-dimensional, quantitative element information with micron-level spatial resolution. This study used Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and PIXE to quantify elements accumulated on lichen thalli of selected species collected from polluted and unpolluted areas of the Madukkarai Walayar forests. Thalli of selected lichen species from the study site (polluted and unpolluted) were irradiated using 1.7 MV tandem accelerator with Proton beam energy of 2 MeV. The ion induced X-Rays were detected by Si (Li) semiconductor detector. The morphological analysis and localization of elements accumulated on these lichen samples were also carried out with the use of a SEM-EDX microanalysis using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) as supporting evidence. PIXE spectral elemental output revealed the presence of elements such as As, Ba, Br, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Zn, Cl, Ti, Cr and Pd with the incidence of increased Calcium levels. IAEA 336 lichen reference material was used for standardization.
URL: www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdfplus/.../S0129083511002252
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URL: http://www.herbmedit.org/flora/21-309.pdf
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Countries/Continents: Finland
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Abstract: Verrucaria cincta and V. putnae are reported for the first time from Fennoscandia; V. dalslandensis is new to Finland and Austria. Verrucaria scabridula is synonymized with V. subfuscata, and Verrucaria olivacella with V. inaspecta. Verrucaria inaspecta and V. scabridula are lectotypified. The type material of V. gotlandica includes four Verrucaria species.
Genera/Families: Verrucaria
URL: https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/OestZPilz_20_0029-0034.pdf
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New taxa: Ramalina mahoneyi Quedensley & Veliz
Notes: New species: Ramalina mahoneyi Quedensley & Veliz
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Keywords: AGING AND REGENERATION/ DRY WEIGHT GAIN/ GROWTH MODELS/ RADIAL GROWTH RATE (RAGR)/ THALLUS SYMMETRY
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Keywords: ALTRUISM/ DAISYWORLD/ GAIA HYPOTHESIS/ HOMEOSTASIS/ MAJOR TRANSITIONS IN EVOLUTION/ SYMBIOSIS
Abstract: [The authors compare their model with the lichen colonisation of the Neoproterozoic land surface, followed by the Phanerozoic rise of vascular plants.]
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Keywords: ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION/ CARACAS/ FOSSIL FUELS/ PAHS/ PYXINE CORALLIGERA MALME
Abstract: [The thalli of Pyxine coralligera Malme contained high levels of pollutants.]
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Abstract: [The index developed as part of this study could be used to prioritize conservation areas.]
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Abstract:
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Abstract: Metal-enriched habitats often harbor physiologically distinct biotas able to tolerate and accumulate toxic metals. Plants and lichens that accumulate metals have served as effective indicators of ecosystem pollution. Whereas the diversity of metal-tolerant lichens has been well documented globally, the literature of metal-tolerant lichen communities for eastern North America is limited. We examined the lichen flora of the Callahan Mine, a Cu-, Pb-, and Zn-enriched superfund site in Brooksville, Hancock County, Maine, U.S.A. Through collections along transects across metal-contaminated areas of the mine, we documented 76 species of lichens and related fungi. Fifty species were saxicolous, 26 were terricolous. Forty-three species were macrolichens, 31 were microlichens. Although no globally rare or declining species were encountered at the mine, two regionally rare or declining species, Stereocaulon tomentosum and Leptogium imbricatum, were found. The species found at the Callahan Mine were mostly ecological generalists frequenting disturbed habitats. Two extensively studied Cu-tolerant lichens, Acarospora smaragdula and Lecanora polytropa, and other known Cd-, Cu-, Pb-, and Zn-tolerant taxa, were found at the site.
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Keywords: Arthoniaceae/ Arthoniales/ Lichens
Abstract: Herpothallon sticticum, a new lichen species is described from the Eastern Himalaya, India. Herpothallon echinatum is also reported for the first time from India. © 2011. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
Notes: New species: Herpothallon sticticum Jagadeesh & G.P. Sinha.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052918634&partnerID=40&md5=e7f5af42540e4e403abcfac712af6fa7
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Notes: In Estonian, English and Russian
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Keywords: IPA/ Italy/ Lichens
Abstract: Aim of the Important Plant Area (IPA) program
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84855916045&partnerID=40&md5=b1c2173ee8311085d72a2566aed85a1a
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Keywords: Boosted regression tree model/ Grassy woodlands/ Lichen/ Livestock exclusion/ Moss/ Restoration/ agricultural land/ climatic region/ colonization/ cyanobacterium/ disturbance/ ecosystem function/ grazing/ habitat fragmentation/ habitat restoration/ landscape/ livestock/ moss/ numerical model/ regression analysis/ restoration ecology/ soil crust/ stabilization/ woodland/ Australia/ Victoria [Australia]/ Bryophyta/ Cyanobacteria
Abstract: Question: Biological soil crusts (BSCs) exist in arid and semi-arid ecosystems worldwide, and their recovery following the removal of a disturbance agent is integral to the rehabilitation of degraded landscapes. We asked: what is the likelihood of success and time frame of BSC recovery in vegetation remnants of southeast Australia, following livestock exclusion by fencing. Location: Dryland agricultural region of northwest Victoria, Australia. Methods: We conducted a "space for time" study of BSC recovery across 21 sites where livestock have been excluded by fencing between 1 and >50 years ago, and used boosted regression tree models to explore the response of BSCs to livestock exclusion while controlling for the influence of environmental variables on BSC abundance. Results: Our results show a relatively rapid, passive recovery of BSCs following livestock exclusion, with cover stabilizing after 20 years. Sites heavily disturbed by livestock grazing at the time of fencing stabilized at a lower cover. In contrast to studies from other countries, our results suggest mosses, not cyanobacteria, are the important colonizers in our study region. Conclusions: Ecosystem function in degraded remnants of southern Australia can be improved in a relatively short time frame through passive recovery alone. This knowledge will benefit land managers choosing between restoration options in disturbed and fragmented arid-landscapes. © 2011 International Association for Vegetation Science.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052276397&partnerID=40&md5=7e49d1774658786a75304f642748d1be
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Keywords: Bioindicateurs of pollution/ Inventory/ Lichenoflore Algerian/ National Park of Gouraya
Abstract: The authors present the new inventory of the lichens of the national park of Gouraya. This inventory constitutes a data base of the lichens of the park in particular and an enrichment of the Algerian list of lichen oflore in general. Fifty lichens belonging to 14 families were listed in the national park of Gouraya.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10298-011-0628-3
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Abstract: The discovery of unanticipated microbial diversity in remote, often hostile environments has led to a greater appreciation of the complexity and richness of the natural world. Yellowstone National Park (YNP) has long been a focus of work on taxa that inhabit extreme environments. Here we report the finding of microbial flora that inhabit an unexpected niche: the cavities of bone remnants from a bison carcass in Norris Geyser Basin in YNP. Although bleached white on the surface, the bone cavities are bright green due to the presence of Stichococcus-like trebouxiophyte green algae. The cavities also harbour different fungi and bacteria. Stichococcus species are common lichen photobionts and the Thelebolales fungi present in the bone cavities have previously been found in association with animal remains. Scanning electron microscope analysis suggests the fungi and algae do not form lichen-like associations in the bone. Rather these taxa and the bacteria appear to be opportunists that have colonized an isolated oasis that provides nutrients and protection from desiccation and UV radiation. © 2010 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80051953302&partnerID=40&md5=99b9a98a53b03009b72d9a227de9de40
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Keywords: Car traffic/ Eutrophication/ Hautes-Alpes/ Lichen/ Nitrogenous pollution
Abstract: Several studies in the Hautes-Alpes made by the association Arnica Montana, based on mapping and inventory of lichen vegetation has led to identify exposure to nitrogen oxides on natural environments. Thus, presence and development of nitrophilous lichen vegetation on softwood and the loss of sensitive species to nitrogen appear to be due to eutrophication of the bark by nitrogen oxides due to road traffic. With reduced financial cost, this method provides a comprehensive demonstration of nitrogen pollution over a large area on which it would be difficult financially to implement a sufficient number of sensors. Some proposals for management of natural areas can be made, based on these results.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84855384136&partnerID=40&md5=8d3a8706a98d45721b51c8618c30d391
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Keywords: Cambrian/ Fungus/ Lichen/ Palaeosol/ Slime mould/ South Australia/ Cambrian/ floodplain/ fungus/ lichen/ paleobotany/ paleosol/ sessile species/ soil crust/ trace fossil/ Australia/ South Australia
Abstract: Red calcareous Middle Cambrian palaeosols from the upper Moodlatana Formation in the eastern Flinders Ranges of South Australia formed in well-drained subhumid floodplains and include a variety of problematic fossils. The fossils are preserved like trace fossil endichnia but do not appear to be traces of burrows or other animal movement. They are here regarded as remains of sessile organisms, comparable with fungi or plants living in place, and are formally named as palaeobotanical form genera under provisions of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Most common are slender (0.5-2mm) branching filaments flanked by green-grey reduction haloes within the red matrix of palaeosol surface horizons (Prasinema gracile gen. et sp. nov.). Other axial structures (Prasinema nodosum and P. adunatum gen. et spp. nov.) are larger and show distinctive surface irregularities (short protuberances and irregular striations, respectively). The size and form of these filaments are most like rhizines of soil-crust lichens. Other evidence of life on land includes quilted spheroids (Erytholus globosus gen. et sp. nov.) and thallose impressions (Farghera sp. indet.), which may have been slime moulds and lichens, respectively. These distinctive fossils in Cambrian palaeosols represent communities comparable with modern biological soil crusts. © The Palaeontological Association.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01099.x
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Keywords: Teloschistes chrysophthalmus
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Abstract: We documented the corticolous lichen flora composition in five localities of the Colombian Caribbean region, three in the lowlands (plains) and two in the highlands (massifs). We found 348 species based on approximately 950 specimens, 215 were determined at the species level and 62 at the genus level (due to the absence of reproductive structures or lack of taxonomic works). The remaining species (71) belong to a group of sterile crustose lichens that could not be determined because they did not have specific characters for their identification. We found 115 new records for Colombia, most species are new records for the study areas. The total number of species for the Caribbean region, including earlier studies of foliicolous lichens and macrolichens, is estimated at about 400.
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Genera/Families: Graphidaceae
Countries/Continents: Colombia
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Keywords: Ancestral character state reconstruction; Character evolution/ Convergent evolution/ Homoplasy/ Thelotremataceae
Abstract: A molecular phylogeny of combined mtSSU, nuLSU, and RPB2 data revealed previously unrecognized levels of parallel evolution and phenotypic divergence in the lichen family Graphidaceae. Five clades were supported within the family: the Fissurina, Ocellularia, Graphis, Topeliopsis, and Thelotrema clades, containing 33 of the 42 currently accepted genera within the family. The results for the first time provide a fully resolved phylogeny of this family and confirm the synonymy of Graphidaceae and Thelotremataceae. Ancestral character state reconstruction using likelihood, Bayesian, and parsimony approaches indicate that lirellate ascomata evolved independently in each of the five clades. Carbonized ascomata evolved independently in at least four of the five clades. An unexpected result was the independent evolution of columella structures in the Fissurina and Ocellularia clades. Besides these more general findings, we document several cases in which evolution of several traits in parallel resulted in striking look-alikes within unrelated lineages, such as Topeliopsis muscigena and Chapsa meridensis in the Topeliopsis and Thelotrema clades, Leptotrema wightii, Myriotrema laeviusculum, and Leucodecton phaeosporum in the Ocellularia and Thelotrema clades, Ocellularia stylothecia and Melanotrema meiosporum in the Fissurina and Ocellularia clades, and Myriotrema pycnoporellum, Myriotrema clandestinum and Wirthiotrema glaucopallens in the Fissurina, Ocellularia, and Topeliopsis clades. Pagel’s test of independent character evolution suggested that at least for some of the traits involved in these cases, ecological constraints may have caused their evolution in parallel. The most intriguing find is the correlation between gall-forming thalli and vertical columns of calcium oxalate crystals, suggesting that these crystals do not function as light distributors, as previously assumed, but instead stabilize the thalli which are usually hollow beneath, similar to a dome-shaped structure. Ancestral character state reconstruction together with an approach to visualize the phenotype of putative ancestral lineages suggested the alpha-Graphidaceae to resemble some of the extant species currently classified in Myriotrema s.lat., with pore-like ascomata, and non-amyloid ascospores with lens-shaped lumina.
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Keywords: chromatic polymorphism/ cloud forest/ Huancabamba Depression/ lichen mimicry/ Neotropics/ new species
Abstract: The Neotropical lichen mimicking mantid genus Pseudopogonogaster Beier, 1942 is revisited and re-described. The examination of the type species, P. mirabilis Beier, 1942, the first described species of this lineage, allowed us to determine that those species currently included in Pseudopogonogaster and Calopteromantis Terra, 1982 are all congeneric. As a result, the genus Calopteromantis is now considered to be a junior synonym of Pseudopogonogaster. Accordingly, Calopteromantis hebardi Terra, 1982 and Calopteromantis marulandae Salazar, 2002 are transferred to Pseudopogonogaster. The species Calopteromantis otongica Lombardo & Ayala, 1998 from Ecuador was also found to be a synonym of P. mirabilis. In addition, a new species from northwestern Peru, Pseudopogonogaster kanjaris, is described herein, thus constituting a new genus and species record for this country. Analysis of the distribution of the six recognized species of Pseudopogonogaster suggests that this genus is endemic to the mountain forests of Colombia, Ecuador and northern Peru and its members are specialized inhabitants of epiphytic vegetation, exhibiting unique morphological and chromatic adaptations to these habitats. The newly available information on Pseudopogonogaster also allowed to determine that Calopteromantis terrai Jantsch, 1994, described from Mato Grosso, Brazil, is actually a member of the genus Eumiopteryx Giglio-Tos, 1915 (espidae: Pseudomiopteriginae) and, thus, is transferred to this genus as E. terrai (Jantsch, 1994) comb.n. © 2011 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden.
Notes: This mantid genus mimicks lichens.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631211X595056
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Keywords: Cantharellus cibarius var. roseocanus/ Ecological parameters/ Habitat requirements/ Pinus banksiana stand/ Soil horizons/ Sporocarp productivity/ air temperature/ boreal forest/ climate conditions/ coniferous forest/ growing season/ habitat selection/ microhabitat/ rainfall/ sandy soil/ soil horizon/ stand structure
Abstract: Despite the economic importance of chanterelles, much remains to be known about their habitat requirements. Cantharellus cibarius var. roseocanus Redhead, Norvell & Danell sporocarp productivity was measured during three growing seasons in two Pinus banksiana Lamb. stands of boreal forest. The objective was to determine how the variability in stand, plant association, edaphic, and meteorological conditions was related to sporocarp productivity. DNA of this species was detected in organic and mineral soil horizons. Sporocarp productivity was similar for both stands, but the absence of colonies on trails at one of the sites likely reflects microenvironmental conditions that are unsuitable for chanterelle growth. Under the prevailing site conditions, preferred microhabitats were characterized by high stand density, high C:N ratio, and frequent moss presence. The Solidago puberula Nutt.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b11-058
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Notes: In Russian with English summary
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Abstract: Data on 131 lichen species growing on Russky Island and near small islands are provided. 69 lichen species are new for the studied territory. Additional information concerning distribution is provided for 62 lichen species.
Notes: In Russian with English abstract.
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Keywords: epiphytic/ lichens/ sand dunes
Abstract: Chrysothrix flavovirens, Lepraria elobata, and Ochrolechia arborea are reported as new to Portugal, based on surveys carried out in pine forests along the Portuguese coast. Data on the distribution, secondary products and ecology of the species are presented. © 2011. Mycotaxon, Ltd.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80051937735&partnerID=40&md5=1f25af264f9891882b9b7942787a154c
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Abstract: Eight primarily saxicolous Usnea subgenus Usnea species are reported from Argentina and Uruguay: U. amblyoclada (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. (syn. nov. U. pinnata Räsänen), U. densirostra Motyka, U. durietzii Motyka (syn. nov. U. caespitia Motyka), U. exigua J.M. Rodr. & P. Clerc sp. nov., U. fastuosa (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr., U. hieronymii Kremp. (syn. nov. U. hieronymii var. adusta Kremp.), U. lutii J.M. Rodr. & P. Clerc sp. nov. and Usnea saxidilatata J.M. Rodr. & P. Clerc sp. nov. are described with morphological, anatomical and chemical data. Their taxonomy and distribution are discussed. A key to the saxicolous species, including those occurring secondarily on rocks (i.e., U. columbiana Motyka, U. cornuta Körb., U. dasaea Stirt. and U. cf. perhispidella J. Steiner) is provided.
Notes: New species: Usnea exigua J.M. Rodr. & P. Clerc, U. lutii J.M. Rodr. & P. Clerc and U. saxidilatata J.M. Rodr. & P. Clerc
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-114.3.504
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Keywords: LICHENS/ TRANSPLANTATION/ LINEAR GROWTH/ PENDANT
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify the growth rate of the pendulous lichen Usnea angulata in the Sierra Chaco forest using transplanted and non transplanted thalli of different initial sizes. Fifty trees with U. angulata thalli were selected in a protected forest in central Argentina. On each thallus, we selected the two longest branches (BSL and BL) and we cut fragments of 10 cm and 5 cm (FL and FSL) and attached them to the side. In addition, we randomly selected 96 thalli of U. angulata from the surrounding environment and we cut a fragment of 10 cm (FT). The fragments were attached to four different trees, and located in the same area. The linear growth of cut branches and fragments were measured for three years at intervals of six months. On average, the growth of U. angulata was 23.5 mm per year. The FT growth rate was significantly higher. In comparison with previous studies, the growth rate found is high. More studies are needed to determine the effect of the transplant method and the initial size of thalli at growth.
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Abstract: The red-listed epiphytic lichen Evernia divaricata has only rarely been found with fruiting or sorediate thalli and, until recently, not in Norway. In August 2009, we revisited a previously known locality within the TrillemarkaRollagsfjell nature reserve and found, for the first time in Norway, abundant fertile thalli along a 1.2 km stretch of a small brook. Closer examination of samples taken from the same locality in 2003 revealed that immature fruiting-bodies (apothecia) were present on a few thalli at that time. Today the site is characterized by old mixed conifer forest and small bogs. Two additional Norwegian localities have been found to harbour fertile E. divaricata. At yet another locality we found one thallus with abundant large soralia, also recorded for the first time in Norway. Lack of small sprouting thalli with basal holdfasts suggests that dispersal, until now, has mainly occurred by means of thallus fragmentation, thereby hampering efficient long-distance dispersal.
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Keywords: Combustion derived- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/ Land plant biomarkers/ Lower Carboniferous coals/ Megaspores/ Terrestrial terpenoids/ aliphatic hydrocarbon/ aromatic hydrocarbon/ biogenic material/ biomarker/ Carboniferous/ coal/ combustion/ coniferous tree/ depositional environment/ dominance/ floristics/ forest ecosystem/ forest fire/ fossil record/ lichen/ lipid/ miospore/ PAH/ paleobotany/ paleoenvironment/ Paleozoic/ petrography/ terpene/ terrestrial environment/ vascular plant/ Dunbar/ East Lothian/ Scotland/ United Kingdom/ Coniferophyta/ Embryophyta/ Filicophyta/ Lycopodiopsida/ Lycopodium/ Sphenopsida
Abstract: Carboniferous (Viséan) coals from Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland, contain well-preserved miospore and megaspore assemblages suggesting a lycopod-dominated forest ecosystem with some ferns, sphenopsids and pteridosperms. The low rank of the coals and the well defined microflora permit assessment of the palaeoenvironmental significance of lipid biomarkers during the Early Carboniferous. Rock-Eval, petrographic, and lipid analyses indicate a fully terrestrial depositional environment. Although we also present and discuss a wide diversity of other lipid biomarkers (alkanes, hopanoids, steroids), we focus on the terrestrial-derived biomarkers. Combustion-derived PAHs pyrene, fluoranthene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene and triphenylene indicate the occurrence of forest fires in the study areas during Early Carboniferous times. Alkyldibenzofurans are considered to derive from lichen-biomass. Retene, cadalene, simonellite, tetrahydroretene and kaurane are poorly specific and can derive from a variety of early Palaeozoic land plants. Abietane, phyllocladane, ent-beyerane and 4β(H)-eudesmane, as well as bisnorsimonellite, diaromatic totarane, diaromatic sempervirane and 2-methylretene, however, as yet had only been reported from conifers, which do not appear in the fossil record until the Late Carboniferous. Within the lower Carboniferous forest ecosystem, arborescent lycopsids and pteridosperms are proposed as alternative sources for these compounds. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80051687797&partnerID=40&md5=b3264138c5974bdd28c2a61285be4a2b
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Keywords: Acarospora/ biological soil crusts/ climate models/ Fuscopannaria cyanolepra/ Rhizocarpon diploschistidina/ sagebrush steppe/ soil texture/ Texosporium
Abstract: Biological soil crusts are ecosystem engineers in arid and semi-arid habitats; they affect soil chemistry, stability, and vegetation. Their ecosystem functions may vary depending on species composition; however, lichen species diversity is poorly known in the Pacific Northwestern drylands of North America. We sampled 59 random and 20 intuitive plots throughout central and eastern Oregon identifying 99 lichen taxa, 33 of which occurred in only one plot and seven of which were new to Oregon (Acarospora obpallens, A. terricola, Catapyrenium psoromoides, Placidium fingens, P. pilosellum, P. yoshimurae and Psora luridella). We compile records from herbaria and other studies to evaluate the rarity of observed species and potentially rare species known from nearby locations. We conclude that 37 species are likely rare or uncommon in our study area. Many of these appear to be associated with calcareous substrates. We model occurrences in relation to climate and soil variables for four uncommon lichen species: Acarospora schleicheri, Fuscopannaria cyanolepra, Rhizocarpon diploschistidina, and Texosporium sancti-jacobi. Based on climate and soil variables, we map regions of Oregon that may support new populations of these species and overlay habitats unsuitable for biotic crusts due to development and agriculture. These species, except Fuscopannaria cyanolepra, are strongly associated with the fine soils along the Columbia and Treasure Valleys that are most intensively used for agriculture. We anticipate that our summaries will further the understanding of lichen component of biological soil crust communities in eastern Oregon and suggest focal species for future conservation efforts. © 2011 The American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-114.4.796
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Abstract: Mycosporine-like compounds, comprising mycosporines and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are UV protecting secondary metabolites described in organisms such as fungi, algae, cyanobacteria or animals. Lichens however, were only poorly investigated for such constituents so far. Here, a method for the characterization of mycosporines and MAAs in purified aqueous extracts, involving HPTLC coupled to spectrophotodensitometry, HPLC-DAD-MSn and UPLC-HRMS analysis, is described. This optimized protocol was validated on three algae and one cyanolichen containing known MAAs and mycosporines, and then applied to 18 cyanolichen species. Analyses revealed the presence of five already described mycosporine-like compounds in the investigated species, including mycosporine serinol in Lichina and Peltigera species and mycosporine glutamicol in Degelia plumbea. Apart from that, eight unknown mycosporine-like compounds were detected and tentatively characterized on the basis of their DAD spectra and their MSn and HRMS data: two in the alga Porphyra dioica and six in cyanolichen species belonging to the genera Degelia, Nephroma and Stereocaulon. From Nephroma laevigatum, the mycosporine hydroxyglutamicol was preparatively isolated and identified through HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The optimized analytical protocol allowed the characterization of mycosporine-like compounds in small amounts of material and confirmed the potential of cyanolichens as a source of mycosporine compounds. It should also be applicable to investigate lichen species with green algae photobionts for mycosporine-like compounds.
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Abstract: Description d’une espèce nouvelle d’Acarospora à thalle jaune, A. gypsi-deserti Cl. Roux et V. Wirth, découverte dans le désert du Namib (Afrique du sud-ouest) où il s’établit sur des croûtes gypseuses.
New taxa: Acarospora gypsi-deserti
Countries/Continents: Namibia/Africa
Notes: In French with German, Esperanto and English abstracts; new species: Acarospora gypsi-deserti Cl.Roux & V.Wirth
URL: http://lichenologue.org/fr/docs/doc_details.php?&docid=222#
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Abstract: Resumé : La comparaison morpho–anatomique, approfondie et illustrée, entre Polysporina subfuscescens et Trimmatothelopsis versipellis montre clairement que ce dernier n’est pas un lichen indéterminé parasité par Polysporina subfuscescens comme l’ont affirmé Westberg et al. (2011), mais bien un Acarospora gr. smaragdula, plus précisément Acarospora rhagadhiza (syn. A. scyphulifera), résultat auquel roux et Navarro–rosiNés (2002) étaient déjà parvenus. Par conséquent, Silobia M. Westb. et Wedin (2011) est considéré comme un synonyme de Trimmatothelopsis Zsch. (1934) et les nouvelles combinaisons suivantes proposées : Trimmatothelopsis dilatata (M. Westb. et Wedin) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis hassei (Herre) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis myochroa (M. Westb.) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis rufescens (Turn. ex Ach.) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis scabrida (Hedl. ex H. Magn.) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis smaragdula (Wahlenb.) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis tangerina (M. Westb. et Wedin) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov. Resumo : La zorga kaj ilustrita morfo–anatomia komparo inter Polysporina subfuscescens kaj Trimmatothelopsis versipellis klare evidentigas, ke ĉi–lasta ne estas nedeterminata likeno parazitita de Polysporina subfuscescens, kiel asertis Westberg k al. (2011), sed ja Acarospora gr. smaragdula, pli precize Acarospora rhagadhiza (syn. A. scyphulifera), rezulto, kiun jam atingis roux k Navarro–rosiNés (2002). Konsekvence Silobia M. Westb. et Wedin (2011) estas taksita kiel sinonimo de Trimmatothelopsis Zsch. (1934) kaj la jenaj novaj kombinaĵoj proponitaj : Trimmatothelopsis dilatata (M. Westb. et Wedin) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis hassei (Herre) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis myochroa (M. Westb.) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis rufescens (Turn. ex Ach.) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis scabrida (Hedl. ex H. Magn.) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis smaragdula (Wahlenb.) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis tangerina (M. Westb. et Wedin) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov. Abstract : A detailed and illustrated morphological and anatomical comparison between Polysporina subfuscescens and Trimmatothelopsis versipellis clearly shows that the latter species is not an unidentified lichen parasitized by Polysporina subfuscescens as suggested by Westberg et al. (2011). Instead, this species corresponds to an Acarospora gr. smaragdula, more specifically Acarospora rhagadhiza (syn. A. scyphulifera) as already noted by roux and Navarro–rosiNés (2002). As a result, Silobia M. Westb. et Wedin (2011) is considered as a synonym of Trimmatothelopsis Zsch. (1934) and the following new combinations are proposed : Trimmatothelopsis dilatata (M. Westb. et Wedin) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis hassei (Herre) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis myochroa (M. Westb.) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis rufescens (Turn. ex Ach.) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis scabrida (Hedl. ex H. Magn.) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis smaragdula (Wahlenb.) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis tangerina (M. Westb. et Wedin) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov.
Genera/Families: Acarosporaceae/Trimmatothelopsis
Notes: In French with a partial translation in English and abstracts in English and Esperanto; new synonym: Silobia M. Westb. & Wedin = Trimmatothelopsis Zschacke; new combinations: Trimmatothelopsis dilatata (M. Westb. & Wedin) Cl. Roux & Nav.-Ros., T. hassei (Herre) Cl. Roux & Nav.-Ros., T. myochroa (M. Westb.) Cl. Roux & Nav.-Ros., T. rufescens (Turn. ex Ach.) Cl. Roux & Nav.-Ros., T. scabrida (Hedl. ex H. Magn.) Cl. Roux & Nav.-Ros., T. smaragdula (Wahlenb.) Cl. Roux & Nav.-Ros. and T. tangerina (M. Westb. & Wedin) Cl. Roux & Nav.-Ros.
URL: http://lichenologue.org/fr/docs/doc_details.php?&docid=225
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Abstract: o Flore et végétation des lichens et champignons lichénicoles de quatre réserves naturelles des Pyrénées–Orientales (France) par Claude Roux, Didier Masson, Olivier Bricaud, Clother Coste et Serge Poumarat . . . . 3 / o Lecanora nohedensis sp . nov ., nova likenspecio — Lecanora nohedensis sp. nov., espèce nouvelle de lichen par Claude Roux kaj Mercedes Barbero . . . . 152 / o Du novaj specioj de Verrucariaceae el Pyrénées-Orientales (Francio) : Placocarpus melanophthalmosus sp. nov. kaj Placopyrenium breussii sp. nov. — Deux espèces nouvelles de Verrucariaceae des PyrénéesOrientales (France) : Placocarpus melanophthalmosus sp. nov. et Placopyrenium breussii sp. nov. par Claude Roux kaj Cécile Gueidan . . . . 163 / o Quelques espèces d’Aspicilia peu connues ou nouvelles des Pyrénées–Orientales par Claude Roux, Anders Nordin, Leif Tibell et Mouhammad Sohrabi . . . . 177
Countries/Continents: France/Europe
Notes: New: Aspicilia calcitrapa Cl.Roux & A.Nordin, A. prestensis Cl.Roux & A.Nordin, Hydropunctaria amphibia (Clemente) Cl.Roux (≡ Verrucaria amphibia Clemente), Lecanora alpigena (Ach.) Cl.Roux (≡ Lecanora varia var. alpigena Ach.), Lecanora nohedensis Cl.Roux & M.Barbero, Miriquidica subplumbea (Anzi) Cl.Roux (≡ Lecidea subplumbea Anzi), Placocarpus melanophthalmosus Cl.Roux & Gueidan, Placopyrenium breussii Cl.Roux & Gueidan, Pronectria oligospora subsp. octospora (Etayo) Cl.Roux (≡ Pronectria oligospora var. octospora Etayo), Rinodina bischoffii subsp. castanomelodes (H.Mayrhofer & Poelt) Cl.Roux (≡ R. castanomelodes H. Mayrhofer & Poelt). In French.
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Notes: New species: Solenopsora chihuahuana B.D. Ryan & Timdal and Solenopsora cladonioides B.D. Ryan & Timdal
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Keywords: alkaloid/ alpha beta hydrolase/ carbazole derivative/ cladoniamide/ hydrolase/ indolocarbazole/ methyltransferase/ molecular scaffold/ oxygenase/ quercetin/ tryptophan/ unclassified drug/ bacterial protein/ carboline derivative/ indole derivative/ rebeccamycin/ tryptoline/ article/ bioaccumulation/ biosynthesis/ controlled study/ dimerization/ enzyme structure/ enzyme substrate complex/ gene cluster/ gene rearrangement/ genetic organization/ genetic similarity/ molecular interaction/ nucleotide sequence/ sequence homology/ bacterial gene/ biosynthesis/ chemistry/ enzymology/ genetics/ metabolism/ molecular genetics/ multigene family/ Streptomyces/ Streptomyces/ Alkaloids/ Bacterial Proteins/ Biosynthetic Pathways/ Carbazoles/ Carbolines/ Genes, Bacterial/ Indoles/ Molecular Sequence Data/ Multigene Family/ Streptomyces
Abstract: The cladoniamides are bis-indole alkaloids isolated from Streptomyces uncialis, a lichen-associated actinomycete strain. The cladoniamides have an unusual, indenotryptoline structure rarely observed among bis-indole alkaloids. I report here the isolation, sequencing, and annotation of the cladoniamide biosynthetic gene cluster and compare it to the recently published gene cluster for BE-54017, a closely related indenotryptoline natural product. The cladoniamide gene cluster differs from the BE-54017 gene cluster in gene organization and in the absence of one N-methyltransferase gene but otherwise contains close homologs to all genes in the BE-54017 cluster. Both gene clusters encode enzymes needed for the construction of an indolocarbazole core, as well as flavin-dependent enzymes putatively involved in generating the indenotryptoline scaffold from an indolocarbazole. These two bis-indolic gene clusters exemplify the diversity of biosynthetic routes that begin from the oxidative dimerization of two molecules of L-tryptophan, highlight enzymes for further study, and provide new opportunities for combinatorial engineering. © 2011 Katherine S. Ryan.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023694
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Abstract: [The species is characterized by morphological and ITS rDNA sequence analysis.]
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Keywords: ASCOMYCOTA/ LICHENS/ MORPHOLOGY/ PARMELIACEAE/ SECONDARY METABOLITES/ SPECIES DELIMITATION/ VAGRANT LICHENS/ XANTHOPARMELIA
Abstract: [Ribosomal sequences (nrITS, nrLSU, nrIGS, intron) and protein-coding sequences (β-tubulin, MCM7) were analyzed from members of several Xanthoparmelia species from the Western United States. Three population clusters were loosely defined, none of which correlated with current species concepts.]
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Keywords: COMMUNITY CHANGE/ HABITAT DISTURBANCE/ NITROPHILOUS LICHENS/ PINNIPEDS/ TERRICOLOUS-MUSCICOLOUS LICHENS/ VEGETATION TRAMPLING
Abstract: [The researchers observed destruction of fruticose species, by fur seals, but an an increase in nitrophilous crustose species in areas rich in animal excrement.]
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Abstract: [In Swedish.]
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Keywords: DEVELOPMENT AND SUCCESSION/ EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY/ MASS OF SAMPLE/ PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC BIOMASS/ SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
Abstract: [The solvent that resulted in th greatest "extraction efficiency" (dimethyl sulphoxide) for extracting Chl- a from algae and moss crusts was found not to be suitable for the lichen crusts.]
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Keywords: AMMONIUM LOAD/ BUFFER CAPACITY/ CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE/ ELECTROLYTE LEAKAGE/ MEMBRANE DAMAGE/ XANTHORIA
Abstract: [Samples of Xanthoria parietina from different substrates were treated with amonium sulphate then analyzed; it was found that lichens that had previously grown in polluted areas responded differently than those which had not come from as nitrogen-rich environments.]
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Abstract:
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Keywords: EILEMA JAPONICA/ FATTY ACID TRANSPORT PROTEIN (FATP)/ FREE FATTY ACID/ SEX PHEROMONE
Abstract: [This moth feeds primarily on lichens.]
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Keywords: FLORISTICS/ PRIMARY FOREST/ RESTORATION/ SECONDARY FORESTS/ SUCCESSIONAL STAGES/ VEGETATION STRUCTURE
Abstract: [In all three forest types, the maximum lichen litter fall biomass were from the genera Parmelia and Usnea.]
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Keywords: CLADONIA/ LICHEN DIVERSITY/ REINDEER PASTURES/ SCARIFICATION
Abstract: ["According to calculated linear regressions, the reindeer lichen cover could be completely re-established just one decade after HuMinMix treatment."]
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Abstract:
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Abstract: [ Results indicate that a slightly higher sampling effort is required for the photobiont than for the mycobiont.]
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Abstract: This study focuses on European Usnea species with sorediate shrubby thalli, with the aim to evaluate the morphological and chemical separation of species in the light of molecular data. Twenty-two Usnea species, including widely distributed taxa such as U. diplotypus, U. fulvoreagens, U. glabrescens, U. lapponica, U. subfloridana, U. substerilis and U. wasmuthii, were included in the study using Bayesian and maximum parsimony analyses of nuclear ITS and beta-tubulin sequences. The analyses showed that: 1) most taxa that are morphologically well delimited are also distinct by means of molecular characters, 2) shrubby taxa in the section Usnea that are difficult to determine by traditional characters form a group of closely related but still genetically distinct entities, except U. diplotypus and U. substerilis which appear to be polyphyletic. The branch lengths differed largely between two parts of the ITS tree (sections Usnea and Ceratinae). Usnea intermedia is proposed as the sexually reproducing counterpart for the sorediate U. lapponica. Additionally, some new chemotypes of Usnea species were determined.
Genera/Families: Usnea
Countries/Continents: Europe
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Notes: In Japanese with English abstract.
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Abstract: The goals of this study were to accurately determine the annual growth rate of two key lichen species for lichenometric studies in Tierra del Fuego and to provide more information on recent glacial evolution in the southernmost mountain range of South America. The study site was located on recent moraines deposited in front of a terminus of Pia Glacier in the East Arm of Pia Bay, a fjord of the Beagle Channel. Lichenometric measurements were made of the maximum and minimum axes on the five largest thalli of Rhizocarpon geographicum and Placopsis perrugosa at selected localities in the recently deglaciated area. Average growth rates were estimated from dated surfaces to be 0.63 mm year-1 for R. geographicum and of 9.0 mm year-1 for P. perrugosa. However, maximum growth rate of individual thalli of P. perrugosa could be as high as about 20 mm year-1 increase in diameter directly measured from comparison between pictures taken over a 2-year interval. Both species had an almost linear increase in diameter size with the age of the rock surfaces and the distance from the glacier. The rapid colonization and growth of the lichens is mirrored by the higher plants with ecesis for Nothofagus trees being estimated at 4 years and height growth elongation at 30 cm year-1.
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Abstract: A total of 292 lichen samples, representing over 200 species and at least 65 genera and 26 families, were collected, mainly in Thailand; 170 of the specimens discharged ascospores in the laboratory. Generally, crustose lichens exhibited the highest discharge rates and percentage germination. In contrast, foliose lichen samples, although having a high discharge rate, had a lower percentage germination than crustose species tested. A correlation with season was indicated for a number of species. Continued development of germinated ascospores into recognizable colonies in pure culture was followed for a selection of species. The most successful medium tried was 2 % Malt-Yeast extract agar (MYA), and under static conditions using a liquid culture medium, a sponge proved to be the best of several physical carriers tested; this novel method has considerable potential for experimental work with lichen mycobionts.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.02.05
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Abstract: The lichens of Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh are studied for the first time. The survey in 11 localities resulted in 42 species with dominance of crustose and epiphytic lichens. The sanctuary has luxuriant growth of graphidaceous and pyrenocarpous lichens. The most dominant genera are Pyrenula and Graphis with 5 species each and the most common lichen species in the sanctuary are Dirinaria consimilis, Graphis subasahinae, Letrouitia transgressa and Pyrenula subacutalis. The present study added a total of 33 species to the lichen flora of Uttar Pradesh. Parmotrema mesotropum, P. praesorediosums and P. saccatilobum are the only parmelioid lichens known from the sanctuary can be considered as indicators of healthy, moist and shady environment of the sanctuary. Lichen diversity in different forest sites is discussed and lichen rich sites are identified for conservation. Although Katarniaghat is heavily influenced by anthropogenic activities, it appears that lichen flora of the sanctuary is less affected.
Countries/Continents: India/Asia
URL: https://indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:jibs&volume=90&issue=3and4&article=025
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Keywords: Botany/ Hans Sloane/ History/ James Petiver/ Leonard Plukenet/ Oceanic islands/ Plant collections/ Pre-linnaean taxonomy
Abstract: James Cuninghame (ca. 1665-1709) was the first person to explore, collect and send back to the West significant numbers of Chinese plants and animals. During his first voyage to the Far East, this distinguished Scottish surgeon and naturalist stopped at the island of La Palma (Canary Islands). Although we do not know the exact dates of his arrival and departure, it is clear that Cuninghame was on the island during January and February 1698. During his stay, Cuninghame collected plant specimens which are now preserved in three volumes of the Sloane Herbarium (BM-SL). A five-folio manuscript (deposited in the Sloane Manuscript collection of the British Library) listing 62 plant entries also survives, together with fragmentary lists of names prepared by James Petiver (ca. 1658-1718), the main recipient of Cuninghame's Canarian collection. These specimens comprise the earliest documented herbarium collection made in the Canary Islands and are one of the most important pre- Linnaean sources for the Macaronesian flora. A study of these specimens and documents shows that Cuninghame collected/ recorded material of 154 taxa including one lichen, nine bryophytes, 15 ferns, two gymnosperms, and 127 flowering plants. We were able to identify all but 16 of the herbarium specimens and one of Cuninghame's manuscript names below the rank of genus, and all but three of the specimens below family level.
URL: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84255201488&partnerID=40&md5=d1df11e8a3cadd00dc8acb1f8dd9d9f7
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Abstract: The lichen biodiversity pattern across elevational gradient in Pindari Glacier valley was studied, using different diversity indices. The study was done across elevational gradient ranging from 1760m to 3660m consisting of three different biomes; temperate, alpine, and temperate-alpine transition. A total of 84 species of lichens were found consisting of three major growth forms and three habitat preferences. Shannon, Pielou, and Margalef indices showed similar trends, while the Simpson index showed a slightly different trend. Except Simpson index all other indices exhibit a positive trend with the altitude. In case of growth forms, except foliose growth form all other are showing a positive trend with increasing altitude. It is also observed that the corticolous lichen dominates (∼90%) in temperate and temperate-alpine transition, and saxicolous lichens dominate (98%) in Alpine zone. Although relational study between elevational gradient with higher plants are done, but with lichens it is one of the first type in western Himalayas.
Countries/Continents: India/Asia
URL: https://indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:jfeb&volume=1&issue=2&article=006
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Notes: In Japanese with English specimen data and figure captions.
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Abstract: A new method for analysis of lichen triterpenoids was established using high performance liquid chromatography with the combination of a differential refractive index detector (RID) and a photodiode array detector (PDA). It is proved that this method was convenient to detect and identify aromatic and aliphatic lichen substances; it enabled quantitative analysis of substances having no or less absorption of ultraviolet rays such as triterpenoids. In addition, they can be measured in high accuracy compared with the TLC method.
URL: http://manu40.magtech.com.cn/Jwxb/EN/abstract/abstract369.shtml#
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Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the possibility of using Rinodina sophodes (Ach.) Massal., a crustose lichen as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bioaccumulator for evaluation of atmospheric pollution in tropical areas of India, where few species of lichens are able to grow. PAHs were identified, quantified and compared to evaluate the potential utility of R. sophodes. The limit of detection for different PAHs was found to be 0.008-0.050 μg g- 1. The total PAHs in different sites were ranged between 0.189 ± 0.029 and 0.494 ± 0.105 μg g- 1. The major sources of PAHs were combustion of organic materials, traffic and vehicular exhaust (diesel and gasoline engine). Significantly higher concentration of acenaphthylene and phenanthrene indicates road traffic as major source of PAH pollution in the city. Two-way ANOVA also confirms that all PAHs content showed significant differences between all sampling sites (P 1%). This study establishes the utility of R. sophodes in monitoring the PAHs accumulation potentiality for development of effective tool and explores the most potential traits resistant to the hazardous environmental conditions in the tropical regions of north India, where no such other effective way of biomonitoring is known so far.
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Genera/Families: Lecidea/Porpidia/Lecideaceae
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Genera/Families: Thelomma
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Keywords: Lecanoromycetidae, Lecidea, lichen-forming ascomycetes, molecular phylogenetic classification, Schaereria, systematics
Abstract: The genus Lecidea Ach. sensu lato (sensu Zahlbruckner) includes almost 1200 species, of which only 100 species represent Lecidea sensu stricto (sensu Hertel). The systematic position of the remaining species is mostly unsettled but anticipated to represent several unrelated lineages within Lecanoromycetes. This study attempts to elucidate phylogenetic placement of members of this heterogeneous group of lichen-forming fungi, and to improve the classification and phylogeny of Lecanoromycetes. Twenty-five taxa of Lecidea sensu lato and 22 putatively allied species were studied in a broad selection of 268 taxa, representing 48 families of Lecanoromycetes. Six loci, including four ribosomal and two protein-coding genes for 315- and 209-OTU data sets were subjected to maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The resulting well-supported phylogenetic relationships within Lecanoromycetes are in agreement with published phylogenies, but the addition of new taxa revealed putative re-delimitations of several families, e.g., Catillariaceae, Lecanoraceae, Lecideaceae, Megalariaceae, Pilocarpaceae, and Ramalinaceae. As expected, species of Lecidea sensu lato and putatively related taxa are scattered within Lecanoromycetidae and beyond, with several species nested in Lecanoraceae and Pilocarpaceae, and others placed outside currently recognized families in Lecanorales, and orders in Lecanoromycetidae. The phylogenetic affiliations of Schaereria and Strangospora are outside Lecanoromycetidae, probably with Ostropomycetidae. All species referred to as Lecidea sensu strictu based on morphology (including the type species, Lecidea fuscoatra [L.] Ach.) form, with Porpidia species, a monophyletic group with high posterior probability outside Lecanorales, Peltigerales, and Teloschistales, in Lecanoromycetidae, supporting the recognition of the order Lecideales Vain. in this subclass. The genus name Lecidea must be redefined to apply only to Lecidea sensu stricto and to include at least some members of the genus Porpidia. Based on morphological and chemical similarities, as well as the phylogenetic relationship of Lecidea pullata sister to Frutidella caesioatra, the new combination Frutidella pullata is proposed.
Notes: New combination: Frutidella pullata (Norman) Schmull.
URL: http://www.mycologia.org/cgi/content/short/103/5/983
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Keywords: GERMANY/ NEW RECORD
Abstract: The first record for Germany of Bacidia viridescens is reported from southern Saxony-Anhalt. The new find is compared with reports from surrounding countries.
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Keywords: Accumulation profiles/ Air-water/ Conifer needles/ Exposure period/ Gasphase/ National parks/ P-values/ Partition coefficient/ Passive air/ Passive sampling/ Sampling rates/ Semivolatile organic compounds/ Hydrocarbons/ Needles/ Parks/ Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/ Volatile organic compounds/ Atmospheric composition/ pesticide/ polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon/ volatile organic compound/ air sampling/ atmospheric chemistry/ atmospheric gas/ atmospheric pollution/ bioaccumulation/ comparative study/ concentration (composition)/ coniferous tree/ lichen/ national park/ PAH/ pesticide/ plant product/ pollution exposure/ snowpack/ volatile organic compound/ air pollution/ air sampling/ article/ atmosphere/ conifer needle/ lichen/ national park/ partition coefficient/ United States
Abstract: A wide range of semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs), including pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were measured in lichen, conifer needles, snowpack and XAD-based passive air sampling devices (PASDs) collected from 19 different U.S. national parks in order to compare the magnitude and mechanism of SOC accumulation in the different passive sampling media. Lichen accumulated the highest SOC concentrations, in part because of its long (and unknown) exposure period, whereas PASDs accumulated the lowest concentrations. However, only the PASD SOC concentrations can be used to calculate an average atmospheric gas-phase SOC concentration because the sampling rates are known and the media is uniform. Only the lichen and snowpack SOC accumulation profiles were statistically significantly correlated (r = 0.552, p-value <0.0001) because they both accumulate SOCs present in the atmospheric particle-phase. This suggests that needles and PASDs represent a different composition of the atmosphere than lichen and snowpack and that the interpretation of atmospheric SOC composition is dependent on the type of passive sampling media used. All four passive sampling media preferentially accumulated SOCs with relatively low air-water partition coefficients, while snowpack accumulated SOCs with higher log KOA values compared to the other media. Lichen accumulated more SOCs with log KOA > 10 relative to needles and showed a greater accumulation of particle-phase PAHs. © 2011 American Chemical Society.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es202418f
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Notes: In German with English abstract.
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Keywords: CYNOLICHEN/ GLOEOHEPPIACEAE/ KOREAN PENINSULA
Abstract: Nine species of the Cynoichen families and Gloeoheppiaceae are reported from South Korea, all of which are new to the Korean Peninsula. One specimens is identified as s possibly undiscribed species of Pyrenopsis. Problems in species taxonomy, distribution patterns such as unusual long-distance disjunctions and floristic affinities are discussed.
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Keywords: lichen/ South Korea/ Lichinaceae/ Gloeoheppiaceae/ Pyrenopsis/ taxonomy
Abstract: Nine species of the cyanobacterial lichen families Lichinaceae and Gloeoheppiaceae are reported from South Korea, all of which are new to the Korean Peninsula. One specimen is identified as a possibly undescribed species of Pyrenopsis. Problems in species taxonomy, distribution patterns such as unusual long-distance disjunctions and floristic affinities are discussed.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2011/0092-0479
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Abstract: Aim We reconstructed the phylogeny of the lichen genus Nephroma (Peltigerales) to assess the relationships of species endemic to Macaronesia. We estimated dates of divergences to test the hypothesis that the species arose in Macaronesia (neo-endemism) versus the oceanic archipelagos serving as refugia for formerly widespread taxa (palaeo-endemism). Location Cosmopolitan with a special focus on the archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands. Methods DNA sequences were obtained from 18 species for three loci and analysed using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences. Divergence dates were estimated for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based phylogeny using a relaxed molecular clock. Reconstruction of the ancestral geographical range was conducted using the Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree under a parsimony method. Results The backbone phylogenetic tree was fully supported, with Nephroma plumbeum as sister to all other species. Four strongly supported clades were detected: the Nephroma helveticum, the N. bellum, the N. laevigatum and the N. parile clades. The latter two share a common ancestor and each includes a widespread Holarctic species (N. laevigatum and N. parile, respectively) and all species endemic to Macaronesia. The data suggest a neo-endemic origin of Macaronesian taxa, a recent range expansion from Macaronesia of both widespread species, a range expansion limited to the Mediteranean Basin and south-western Europe for another taxon, and a long dispersal event that resulted in a speciation event in the western parts of North America. Main conclusions The Macaronesian endemic species belong to two sister clades and originated from a most recent common ancestor (MRCA) shared with one widely distributed taxon, either N. parile or N. laevigatum. Estimates of the mean divergence dates suggest that the endemics originated in the archipelagos after the rise of the volcanic islands, along with the ancestor to the now widespread species, which probably expanded their range beyond Macaronesia via long-distance dispersal. This study provides the first phylogenetic evidence of Macaronesian neo-endemism in lichenized fungi and provides support for the hypothesis that oceanic islands may serve as a source for the colonization of continents. However, further data are needed to properly assess the alternative hypothesis, namely colonization from western North America.
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Abstract: Calopadia schomerae is described from corticolous and foliicolous collections within Everglades National Park. Voucher specimens were obtained from two distinctly different habitats and substrates. Foliicolous collections were made within shaded hammock forests with high humidity while some of the corticolous specimens inhabited margins of dry roadbeds in brighter and considerably less humid conditions. The former exhibited lightly pruinose apothecia or pruina nearly absent while the latter are often distinctly pruinose. The new species is similar to C. fusca and C. lucida but differs in several characteristics.
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