3.6.1 Names with a place name segment

     3.6.2 Names without a place name segment


3.6.1 Names with a place name segment
Names listed in this section are not recommended for future use. They are either synonyms of other, preferred names, or describe units that overlap, or are incompatible, with another, preferred stratigraphic subdivision. Preferences are discussed in sections 3.2 and 3.4.
Some names describe local facies variations that SKS does not consider to deserve lithostratigraphic names in order to avoid unnecessary proliferation. Some names are defined in a chronostratigraphic context and without lithostratigraphic merit, or are replaced by a preferred, conventional, lithostratigraphic grouping.
Many of the listed units and their correlations are schematically shown in Figs 3-02 to 3-04. Units that have changed their rank or category, but not their place name segment, and that still refer to the same lithostratigraphic section, are not listed here. See section 3.5.
Within every entry, the synonym or superior unit name which should be consulted in the lexicon (section 3.5) is indicated with its ID number.

Arnesenodden Shale Bed (Smith et al. 1976): Correlative of the Flatsalen Formation (M-46) on Svenskøya and replaced by the latter name.

Austjøkelen Formation (Mørk et al. 1982): Correlative of the Tschermakfjellet Formation (M-33) in Sørkapp Land and replaced by the latter name. Correct spelling of the place name: Austjøkulen.

Barentsøya Formation (Lock et al. 1978, redefined by Mørk et al. 1982): The subdivision into two distinct formations (Vikinghøgda Formation, M-13 and Botneheia Formation, M-24) is preferred. These formations are easily distinguished, also on the eastern islands.

Bjørnbogen Formation (Pčelina 1980): Correlative of the Flatsalen Formation (M-46) on Hopen, Kong Karls Land and eastern Spitsbergen and – together with the "Basal" and "Transitional members" replaced by the latter formation name. The new grouping is proposed for the purpose of correlation between eastern Spitsbergen, Hopen and Kong Karls Land.

Bjørnbogen Horizon (Pčelina 1983): A chronostratigraphic "group" of Norian age corresponding to the "Keilhaufjellet", "Tvillingodden", "Bjørnbogen" and "Isfjorden" formations (acc. to Pčelina), or the lower, Triassic part of the Wilhelmøya Subgroup (M-38) according to present definition.

Bjørnbogen Member (Worsley 1973): Correlative of the Flatsalen Formation on Wilhelmøya and replaced by the latter name. Pčelina (1980) applied the name to the Triassic part of the Wilhelmøya Subgroup (M-38) in eastern Svalbard. The name is superfluous in connection with the present lithostratigraphic nomenclature.

Bogen Bed (Larssen et al. 1995, unpubl.): Synonym of Vrakbukta Bed (M-52). The name 'Bogen' is used for a member of the Proterozoic Kingbreen Formation (Harland et al. 1966) and has priority there.

Botneheia Horizon (Pčelina 1983): A chronostratigraphic "group" of Anisian to Ladinian age corresponding to the Botneheia, Bravaisberget, "Hyrnefjellet" and "Van Keulenfjorden formations" (acc. to Pčelina), or the Botneheia (M-24) and Bravaisberget (M-19) formations according to present definition.

Brentskardhaugen Member (Pčelina 1980): Corresponds to the uppermost part of the condensed succession of the Teistberget member (M-45) as defined herein, including the Brentskardhaugen Bed (M-54). It is preferred to reserve the place name to the Brentskardhaugen Bed, due to priority and wide use.

Brevassfjellet Myalina Bed (Birkenmajer 1977): The name was used for both the basal conglomerate directly resting on the Pre-Old Red on the Sørkapp-Hornsund High (Brevassfjellet Bed, M-08 in the present definition) and for the bivalve-rich beds in the middle part of the Vardebukta Formation (M-02) east of the High.

Drevbreen Formation (Birkenmajer 1977): The name was used for the Bravaisberget (M-19) and Tschermakfjellet (M-33) formations in southern Spitsbergen. According to the established group subdivision, this unit does not provide an appropriate grouping.

Drønbreen Bed (Dypvik et al. 1991): Corresponds to the Oppdalen Member (M-70) of the Agardhfjellet Formation (acc. to Dypvik et al.) excluding the Marhøgda Bed. The present nomenclature does not include the Marhøgda Bed in the Oppdalen Member, thus making the member and the "Drønbreen Bed" synonymous. The name is also considered to be superfluous, because the naming of a bed within a member does not necessarily require naming of the remainder of the member.

Dunérfjellet Shale Member (Smith et al. 1976): Not recognising the major stratigraphic break between the Kapp Toscana and Adventdalen groups, Smith et al. let their "Kongsøya Formation" reach into the late Jurassic. The "Dunérfjellet Shale Member", together with its lateral equivalents, the "Retziusfjellet" and "Nordaustpynten members", form the Late Jurassic part of the formation, now correlated with the Agardhfjellet Formation (M-66). In the present nomenclature proposal, the lateral member subdivision of the upper Jurassic is replaced by a stratigraphic member subdivision, Bünsowbukta Member (M-74) and Høgsletta Member (M-75).

Edgeøya Formation (Lock et al. 1978): Correlative of the Tschermakfjellet Formation (M-33) and replaced by the latter name.

Glitrefjellet Member (Parker 1967): Upper part of the Helvetiafjellet Formation (M-89), overlying the Festningen sandstone member (M-90). The base of this unit cannot be defined properly due to the multiple sandstone lobes developed in many exposure areas of the Festningen sandstone member. The name is proposed to be dropped.

Hahnfjella Formation (Pčelina 1983): A name for the Carnian deposits of Svalbard. It corresponds to the Tschermakfjellet Formation (M-33) and the part of the De Geerdalen Formation (M-34) below the Isfjorden Member (M-35).

Hahnfjella Horizon (Pčelina 1983): A chronostratigraphic grouping of Carnian age corresponding to the "Hahnfjella Formation" (acc. to Pčelina), or the Tschermakfjellet Formation (M-33) and the De Geerdalen Formation (M-34) without the Isfjorden Member (M-35) according to present definition.

Hårfagrehaugen Sandstone Member (Smith et al. 1976): Originally restricted to the western part of Kongsøya, the name is now applied to the Helvetiafjellet Formation (M-89) on Kong Karls Land. See Hårfagrehaugen Member (M-91).

Heimfjella beds (Dallmann et al. 1990): Yellowish weathering, ammonite-bearing siltstone beds within the Agardhfjellet Formation (M-66) south of Van Keulenfjorden. The unit is indicated on the geological map to illustrate Cenozoic folding and thrusting of the black shale-dominated formation, but is probably not stratigraphically significant.

Hyrnefjellet Formation (Pčelina 1983): A correlative of the Bravaisberget Formation (M-19) excluding the Van Keulenfjorden Member (M-23), but restricted to the Sørkapp - Hornsund area. The name is also used for a Carboniferous formation in southern Spitsbergen (CP-41; Birkenmajer 1959, 1964). The latter usage has priority.

Iversenfjellet Formation (Smith et al. 1975): Correlative of the De Geerdalen Formation (M-34) on Hopen and replaced by the latter name.

Johnsenberget Sandstone Member (Smith et al. 1976): Correlative of the Hårfagrehaugen Member (M-91) on Svenskøya and replaced by the latter name.

Kapp Koburg Formation (Worsley & Heintz 1977): Correlative of the Flatsalen Formation (M-46) and replaced by the latter name.

Kikutodden Member (Pčelina 1983): Correlative of the Ullaberget Member (M-79) in Sørkapp Land and replaced by the latter name, although the member here is coarsergrained than in other areas.

Kong Karls Land Formation (Smith et al. 1976): The Barremian and possibly younger strata of Kong Karls Land correlated with the Helvetiafjellet Formation (M-89). The stratigraphy of Kong Karls Land has been substantially revised according to recent understanding (Olaussen et al. in prep.). The sedimentary part is referred to as Hårfagrehaugen Member (M-91). The name Kong Karls Land Flows (M-92) is reserved for the basalt flows in the upper part of the succession.

Kongressfjellet Subgroup (Buchan et al. 1965), Kongressfjellet Formation (Flood et al. 1971): Corresponds to the two upper members (Lusitaniadalen Member, M-15, and Vendomdalen Member, M-16) of the Vikinghøgda Formation (M-13) and the Botneheia Formation (M-24). The unit name is obsolete.

Kongsøya Formation (Smith et al. 1976): Not recognising the major stratigraphic break between the Kapp Toscana and Adventdalen groups, Smith et al. gathered all Mid-Jurassic to early Barremian deposits of Kong Karls Land in their "Kongsøya Formation". The stratigraphy of Kong Karls Land has been substantially revised according to recent understanding (Olaussen et al. in prep.). The deposits are now assigned to the (revised) Kongsøya Formation (M-51), Agardhfjellet Formation (M-66; Bünsowbukta Member, M-74, and Høgsletta Member, M-75), Klippfisk Formation (M-85; Tordenskjoldberget Member, M-87) and Kolje Formation (M-88).

Konussen Formation (Pčelina 1983): Valanginian-Berriasian part of the Rurikfjellet Formation (M-76) in southern and central western Spitsbergen, where it approximately corresponds to the Ingebrigtsenbukta (M-67) and Tirolarpasset (M-68) members.

Kükenthalfjellet Sandstone Member (Smith et al. 1976): Correlative of Hårfagrehaugen Member (M-91) on Svenskøya and replaced by the latter name.

Kvalvågen Formation (Pčelina 1983): Corresponds to the upper three members of the Carolinefjellet Formation (M-93), the Langstakken (M-96), Zillerberget (M-97) and Schönrockfjellet (M-98) members, mainly in southern and eastern Spitsbergen.

Lyngefjellet (Shale) Formation (Smith et al. 1975): Correlative of the Sjøgrenfjellet Member (M-48) of the Svenskøya Formation (M-46) on Hopen and replaced by the latter name.

Mohnhøgda Sandstone Member (Smith et al. 1976): Originally the representative of the "Svenskøya Formation" on Svenskøya, Kong Karls Land. The stratigraphy of Kong Karls Land has been substantially revised according to recent understanding (Olaussen et al. in prep.). The Mohnhøgda Member (M-50) is now assigned to the upper part of the Svenskøya Formation (M-47) on Kong Karls Land.

Negerfjellet Formation (Lock et al. 1978): Correlative of the De Geerdalen Formation (M-34) on the eastern islands and replaced by the latter name.

Nordaustpynten Shale Member (Smith et al. 1976): Not recognising the major stratigraphic break between the Kapp Toscana and Adventdalen groups, Smith et al. let their "Kongsøya Formation" extend into the upper Jurassic. The "Nordaustpynten Shale Member", together with its lateral equivalents, the "Retziusfjellet" and "Dunérfjellet Shale members", form the Upper Jurassic part of the formation, now correlated with the Agardhfjellet Formation (M-66). In the present nomenclatorial proposal, the lateral member subdivision of the upper Jurassic is replaced by a stratigraphic member subdivision (Bünsowbukta Member, M-74, and Høgsletta Member, M-75).

Nordvestbanken Group (Worsley et al. 1988): Cretaceous group in the southern Barents Sea, comprising the Knurr (M-84), Kolje (M-88) and Kolmule (M-99) formations. These formations are correlated with and included in the Adventdalen Group (M-64), and the group name is abandoned. Authors wishing to apply the name should give it subgroup rank.

Passet Clay Member (Smith et al. 1976): The main, Early-Middle Jurassic part of the Kongsøya Formation according to Smith et al. on the island of Kongsøya. It corresponds to the present definition of the Kongsøya Formation (M-51).

Pitnerodden Formation (Pčelina 1983): Equivalent of the Tvillingodden Formation (M-09) (Mørk et al. 1982). The latter name is preferred because the name-giving locality is made up of rocks of this formation, while the place called Pitnerodden is not. Furthermore, the name 'Tvillingodden' has been used on all published geological maps.

Retziusfjellet Shale Member (Smith et al. 1976): Not recognising the major stratigraphic break between the Kapp Toscana and Adventdalen groups, Smith et al. let their "Kongsøya Formation" extend into the Upper Jurassic. The "Retziusfjellet Shale Member", together with its lateral equivalents, the "Dunérfjellet" and "Nordaustpynten shale members", form the Upper Jurassic part of the formation, now correlated with the Agardhfjellet Formation (M-66). In the present nomenclature proposal, the lateral member subdivision of the upper Jurassic is replaced by a vertical member subdivision (Bünsowbukta Member, M-74, and Høgsletta Member, M-75).

Rurikfjellet Horizon (Pčelina 1983): A chronostratigraphic "group" of Berriasian to Hauterivian age comprising the Rurikfjellet, "Sylodden", and "Konussen formations" (acc. to Pčelina). It corresponds to the Rurikfjellet Formation (M-76) according to the present definition.

Singerfjella Formation (Pčelina 1983): Corresponds to the Innkjegla Member (M-95) of the Carolinefjellet Formation (M-93) in southern and eastern Spitsbergen.

Singerfjella Horizon (Pčelina 1983): A chronostratigraphic grouping of Aptian-Albian age comprising the "Singerfjella" and "Ymerbukta formations" (acc. to Pčelina). It corresponds roughly to Innkjegla Member (M-95) of the Carolinefjellet Formation (M-93) according to the present definition.

Sjøgrenfjellet Sandstone Member (Smith et al. 1976): Originally the representative of the "Svenskøya Formation" on Kongsøya, Kong Karls Land. The stratigraphy of Kong Karls Land has been substantially revised according to recent understanding (Olaussen et al. in prep.). The Sjøgrenfjellet Member (M-48) is now assigned to the lower part of the Svenskøya Formation (M-47) across eastern Svalbard.

Sørkapp Formation (Pčelina 1980): Original name and synonym of the Mathiasbreen member, a subunit of the Smalegga Formation (M-40) in Sørkapp Land. The name "Sørkapp Formation" (Pčelina 1980) does not seem to be appropriate: The locality 'Sørkapp' on Sørkappøya comprises Permian and Sassendalen Group strata. The similar name 'Sørkapp Land' is used for an Ordovician Group (Birkenmajer 1978).

Sticky Keep Formation (Buchan et al. 1965), Sticky Keep Member (Mørk et al. 1982): There are difficulties in recognising the boundary between the Deltadalen and "Sticky Keep" units because there is also another similar but distinct lithological boundary within the "Sticky Keep" unit. To avoid redefinitions of established names, and to facilitate the recognition of boundaries in the field, a threefold subdivision of the Vikinghøgda Formation (M- 13) (Mørk et al. 1998) into Deltadalen Member (M-14) (unchanged definition, but adjusted levels on maps and published sections), Lusitaniadalen Member (M-15) and Vendomdalen Member (M-16) is proposed herein, the two latter replacing the "Sticky Keep Member".

Storbreen Subgroup (Birkenmajer 1977): A grouping of units containing bituminous shales in southern Spitsbergen, part of the "Torell Land Group". The subgroup comprises the Tvillingodden (M-09), Bravaisberget (M-19) and Tschermakfjellet (M-33) formations. The unit is controversial, because its constituents belong to two groups according to the nomenclature of Buchan et al. (1965) which is preferred, both for priority reasons and from the recent understanding of the facies development.

Svenskøya Formation (Smith et al. 1976): The stratigraphy of Kong Karls Land has been substantially revised according to recent understanding (Olaussen et al. in prep.). The lower part of the succession is now correlated with the Flatsalen Formation (M-46), while the upper part is referred to the (revised) Svenskøya Formation (M-47).

Sylodden Formation (Pčelina 1983): Hauterivian part of the Rurikfjellet Formation (M-76) in southern and western central Spitsbergen, where it approximately corresponds to the Ullaberget Member (M-79).

Teistengrunnen Group (Worsley et al. 1988): Late Jurassic group in the southern Barents Sea, comprising the Fuglen (M-80) and Hekkingen (M-81) formations. These formations are correlated with and included in the Adventdalen Group, and the group name is abandoned. Authors wishing to apply the name should give it subgroup rank.

Tordenskjoldberget Limestone Member (Smith et al. 1976): Originally defined for the stratigraphic interval between the "Retziusfjellet Shale Member" and the "Hårfagrehaugen Sandstone Member" on Kongsøya. The unit has recently been recognised as a twofold succession, the lower limestone interval, Tordenskjoldberget Member (M-87) correlated with the Klippfisk Formation (M-85), and the overlying shale interval correlated with the Kolje Formation (M-88) of the Barents Sea Shelf (Smelror et al. 1998; Olaussen et al. in prep.).

Torell Land Group (Birkenmajer 1977): Correlative of the Sassendalen (M-01) and Kapp Toscana (M-31) groups in southern Spitsbergen and replaced by the latter names. The name overlaps with the nomenclature of Buchan et al. (1965) which is preferred, both for priority reasons and from the recent understanding of the facies development.

Tumlingodden Member (Worsley 1973): Upper part of the Wilhelmøya "Formation" of Worsley (1973). It corresponds to the Sjögrenfjellet Member (M-48; Svenskøya Formation) and the Keisarkampen Member (M-53; Kongsøya Formation) on Wilhelmøya. The change in subdivision is proposed for the purpose of correlation between eastern Spitsbergen and Kong Karls Land.

Tumlingodden Formation (Pčelina 1980): Correlative of the Svenskøya (M-47) and Kongsøya (M-51) formation on Kong Karls Land and replaced by the latter names. The new subdivision is proposed for the purpose of correlation between eastern Spitsbergen and Kong Karls Land.

Tumlingodden Horizon (Pčelina 1983): A chronostratigraphic grouping of Hettangian to Bathonian age comprising the "Tumlingodden". "Teistberget" and "Sørkapp formations" (acc. to Pčelina). It corresponds to the upper part (Jurassic) of the Wilhelmøya Subgroup (M-38) according to the present definition.

Tvillingodden Formation (Pčelina 1980): "Tvillingodden Formation" was used by Pčelina (1980) for the unit herein defined as the Tverrbekken member (M-44). Although the definition of Pčelina should have priority due to first publication, the name-giving locality "Tvillingodden" refers to the unit herein defined as Tvillingodden Formation (Mørk et al. 1982). The latter meaning of the name has been used more widely in the literature and on published geological maps.

Uleneset Member (Smith 1975): Correlative of the De Geerdalen Formation (M-34) on Wilhelmøya and replaced by the latter name.

Vardebukta Horizon (Pčelina 1983): A chronostratigraphic grouping of Induan age corresponding to the "Vardebukta Formation" (acc. to Pčelina), or the Vardebukta Formation (M-02) and Deltadalen Member (M-14) according to the present definition.

Wichebukta Formation (Pčelina 1983): Correlative of the "Pitnerodden Formation" in eastern Svalbard. The unit corresponds to the two upper members of the Vikinghøgda Formation, the Lusitaniadalen Member (M-15) and Vendomdalen Member (M-16), or the abandoned name "Sticky Keep Member".

Wichebukta Horizon (Pčelina 1983): A chronostratigraphic grouping of Olenekian age corresponding to the "Wichebukta" and "Pitnerodden formations" (acc. to Pčelina), or the Tvillingodden Formation (M-09) and the Lusitaniadalen (M-15) and Vendomdalen (M-16) members according to present definition.

Ymerbukta Formation (Pčelina 1983): Corresponds to the Innkjegla Member (M-95) of the Carolinefjellet Formation (M-93) in western central Spitsbergen.


3.6.2 Names without a place name segment
Names without a place indicative segment are in general old, informal names that meanwhile have been substituted by formal names. For a number of names, the grouping of strata does not correspond to the more recent lithostratigraphic subdivision. All of these names are today out of use. They are listed here with their reference (first published) and indication of stratigraphic range for the purpose of understanding older geological literature in a modern context. Many of the old units and their correlations are schematically shown in Figs 3-03 and 3-04.
Within every entry, the synonym or superior unit name which should be consulted in the lexicon (section 3.5) is indicated with its ID number.

Anasiberites horizon (Spath 1921): Basal part of the Lusitaniadalen Member (M-15)

Arctoceras-Schichten, A. Horizont (Stolley 1911; Frebold 1931): Part of Vikinghøgda Formation (M-13)

Argillite unit (Klubov 1965): Lower part of Tschermakfjellet Formation (M-33) on the eastern islands of Svalbard

Aucellenschichten, A. Shale (Nathorst 1910; Hagerman 1925): Synonym of Janusfjellet Subgroup (M-65)

Basal Bed (Smith 1975): Lower part of Flatsalen Formation (M-46)

Basal member (Worsley 1973): Lower part of Flatsalen Formation (M-46)

Black shales and yellow flags (Gregory 1921): Large section of the Vikinghøgda Formation (M-13)

Blue and purple shales (Falcon 1928): Synonym of Tschermakfjellet Formation (M-33)

Bottom shale (Orvin 1934): A thin section of Triassic between the Permian and Cenozoic strata of Brøggerhalvøya correlated with the Vardebukta Formation (M-02) (Midbøe 1985, unpubl.)

Claraia Zone (Frebold 1936): Otoceras boreale Zone in the Vardebukta Formation (M-02)

Continental series (Różycki 1959): Synonym of Helvetiafjellet Formation (M-89)

Cretaceous shale (Hagerman 1925): Synonym of the Innkjegla Member (M-95)

Daonellenkalk, D. schichten, D.-Niveau (Mojsisovičs 1886; Nathorst 1910; Wiman 1910): Upper part of the Botneheia Formation (M-24)

Dentalienschichten (Nathorst 1910): Synonym of Carolinefjellet Formation (M-93)

Ditrupa-Schichten, D. shale series (Stolley 1911; Różycki 1959): Synonym of Carolinefjellet Formation (M-93), equivalent of "Dentalienschichten"

Elatides-Schichten, E. Niveau (Nathorst 1910; Hoel & Orvin 1937): Thin horizon within the Helvetiafjellet Formation (M-89) at Festningen, between Festningen sandstone member (M-90) and "Lioplaxschichten"

Escarpment shales (Gregory 1921): Lower and middle shales of the Botneheia Formation (M-24)

Eutomoceras-Teilzone (Frebold 1931): Part of Botneheia Formation (M-24)

Fisch-Niveau (Wiman 1910): Lower part of Vikinghøgda Formation (M-13)

Fossesandstein (Hoel & Orvin 1937): Upper part of Van Keulenfjorden Member (M-23)

Ginkgo-Schichten, G. Niveau (Nathorst 1910; Hoel & Orvin 1937): Correlates with the upper part of Helvetiafjellet Formation (M-89), between "Pityophyllum-Schichten" and "Dentalienschichten"

Grippia-Niveau (Wiman 1928): Part of Vikinghøgda Formation (M-13), between "Fisch-Niveau" and "Unteres Saurierniveau"

Gymnotoceras-Teilzone (Frebold 1931): Shale part of Botneheia Formation (M-24), overlying "Unteres Saurierniveau" Halobia limestone (Frech 1903): Synonym of Tschermakfjellet Formation (M-33)

Halobia shales (Stolley 1911): Lower part of Tschermakfjellet Formation (M-33)

Halobia zitteli bed (Mojsisovičs 1886): Base of the "Halobia limestone", Tschermakfjellet Formation (M-33)

Hieroglyphic series (Różycki 1959): Probably a synonym of the Vardebukta Formation (M-02)

Hustediakalk (Nathorst 1910): A synonym of the Skilisen Bed (M-12) or "Retziakalk", Tvillingodden Formation (M-09), above "Pseudomonotisskifer / P.kalk"

Lias conglomerate (Orvin 1940): Synonym of Brentskardhaugen Bed (M-54)

Lindstroemi-Horizont (Frebold 1931): A limestone-sandstone succession within the "Nathorstites-Niveau", part of the Van Keulenfjorden Member (M-23) according to Pčelina (1983)

Lingula Sandstein (Stolley 1911): Part of "Nathorstites-Niveau", De Geerdalen Formation (M-34)

Lioplaxschichten, Süsswasserschichten mit Lioplax (Nathorst 1897, 1910): Thin horizon within the Helvetiafjellet Formation (M-89)

Lower Continental Series (Birkenmajer 1975): Lower part of Helvetiafjellet Formation (M-89), Festningen sandstone member (M-90)

Lower lamina sandstones (Hagerman 1925): Synonym of Dalkjegla Member (M-94)

Lower Posidonia (Posidonomya) shales (Spath 1921): Arctoceras blomstrandi Zone of Lusitaniadalen Member (M-15), Vikinghøgda Formation (M-13)

Lowest nodule beds (Gregory 1921): Part of Arctoceras blomstrandi Zone, Lusitaniadalen Member (M-15), Vikinghøgda Formation (M-13)

Myalinaskifer, M. Niveau, M. beds (Lundgren 1887; Frebold 1930; Tozer & Parker 1968): Section in the Vardebukta Formation (M-02) and Deltadalen Member (M-14) of the Vikinghøgda Formation (M-13)

Myophoria-Sandstein (Andersson 1900): Top of Skuld Formation (M-36), Bjørnøya

Nathorstites-Niveau (Stolley 1911): Part of Tschermakfjellet (M-33) and De Geerdalen (M-34) formations

Oberes Saurierniveau (Wiman 1910): Upper part of the "Daonella Niveau", corresponding to upper part of Botneheia (M-24) and lowest part of Tschermakfjellet (M-33) formations

Oil shale member, Oil shale series (Lock et al. 1978; Falcon 1928): Correlative of Botneheia Formation (M-24) on the eastern islands

Oozy mound beds (Gregory 1921): Upper part of Botneheia Formation (M-24), overlying "Escarpment shales"

Passage unit (Klubov 1965): Upper part of Tschermakfjellet Formation (M-33) on the eastern islands, between "Argilite" and "Sandstone units"

Pityophyllum-Schichten, P. Niveau (Nathorst 1910; Hoel & Orvin 1937): A thin horizon within the Helvetiafjellet Formation (M-89), between "Lioplaxschichten" and "Ginkgoschichten"

Plateau flags (Gregory 1921): Corresponds to the De Geerdalen (M-34) and Knorringfjellet (M-43) formations in central Spitsbergen

Posidonomyenkalk, Posidonomyenschichten (Mojsisovičs 1886; Nathorst 1910): Corresponds roughly to the middle part of the Vikinghøgda Formation (M-13)

Pseudomonotisskifer, P.kalk (Lundgren 1887): Section in the upper part of Vardebukta Formation (M-02), 130 m above "Myalinaskifer"

Ptychites beds (Spath 1921): Lower part of Botneheia Formation (M-24)

Retziakalk (Lundgren 1887): Synonym of Skilisen Bed (M-12)

Sandsteinreihe (Nathorst 1910): Synonym of Helvetiafjellet Formation (M-89)

Sandstone and shale series (Falcon 1928): Corresponds to the De Geerdalen Formation (M-34) and Wilhelmøya Subgroup (M-38) on the eastern islands

Sandstone unit (Klubov 1965): Synonym of De Geerdalen Formation (M-34) on the eastern islands

Saurian bed (Spath 1921): A section within the Vikinghøgda Formation (M-13), between "Lower" and "Upper Posidonomya shales"

Shore sandstone (Hagerman 1925): Synonym of "Glitrefjellet Member", or the part of Helvetiafjellet Formation (M-89) overlying the Festningen sandstone member (M-90)

Transitional beds (Smith 1975): Corresponds roughly to the Svenskøya Formation (M-47) on Wilhelmøya and eastern Spitsbergen ("Transitional member" of Worsley 1973)

Transitional member (Worsley 1973): Corresponds roughly to the upper part of the Flatsalen Formation (M-46) on Wilhelmøya and eastern Spitsbergen

Unteres Saurierniveau (Wiman 1910): Upper part of Vendomdalen Member (M-16), Vikinghøgda Formation (M-13)

Upper Continental Series (Birkenmajer 1975): Upper part of Helvetiafjellet Formation (M-89), roughly corresponding to the "Glitrefjellet Member"

Upper lamina sandstones (Hagerman 1925): Upper three members of Carolinefjellet Formation (M-93), the Langstakken (M-96), Zillerberget (M-97) and Schönrockfjellet (M-98) members

Upper nodule beds (Gregory 1921): Synonym of Tschermakfjellet Formation (M-33)

Upper Posidonia (Posidonomya) shales (Spath 1921): Part of the Keyserlingites subrobustus Zone of Vardebukta (M-02) and Vikinghøgda (M-13) formations
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